EXAM 5 Prediabets Dr. Hess

Question 1

What are the biggest risk factors of Prediabetes?

Answer 1

-Weight
-Age
-giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 lbs
-sibling with T2DM
-PCOS: imbalance of hormones due to insulin resistance -> more insulin secretion -> more androgen production
-black Americans, Hispanics, American Indians

Question 2

What is the Clinical presentation of pre-diabetic patients?

Answer 2

no symptoms

-multiple risk factors
-Acanthosis nigricans -> in the neck, and armpit in African Americans, Latinos, American Indians

Question 3

Which hormone is involved in Acanthosis nigricans or PCOS?

Answer 3

high level of Insulin
higher insulin resistance leads to higher melanin -> darker skin in the neck or armpits

Question 4

A patient has an A1c of 6%. And a Fasting Glucose of 95 mg/dl. What is the diabetic state of the patient?

KNOW THE PREDIABETES LEVEL RANGE and the difference in T2DM range

Answer 4

Prediabetes

if one measured value is higher than normal, they are considered Prediabetic

Question 5

What is the first-line treatment approach in Prediabetes?

Answer 5

Intensive Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (Intensive TLC)

-decreases the risk of progressing to diabetes by 50%

Question 6

Which amount of weight loss and exercise is considered clinically relevant?

Answer 6

weight loss: 5-10%

Moderate intensity PE (exercise):
150 min/week or 30 mins daily