Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 110 > Exam 5 New Material > Flashcards

Exam 5 New Material Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Blastula

A

hollow mass of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blastoderm

A

Actual layer of cells, enclosing the blastocoel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blastocoel

A

Fluid filled central cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gastrula

A

surface cells move inward to form this

cells begin to differentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ten phyla are broken down under 4 categories

A

No tissue vs. true tissue (1)
Radial symmetry vs. bilateral symmetry (2)
body cavity type (3,4,5)
protostome vs deuterostome (6,7,8,9,10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parazoa vs Eumetazoa

A 
Tissue: A group of cells functioning together with specialized functions
Lack symmetry
1. Porifera (Sponges)
Parazoa: lack tissue
Eumetazoa: true tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

diploblast
have endoderm (lining of the digestive tract) and ectoderm (the outer covering)
2. Cnideria (jellyfish)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

triploblast
have endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm (muscles and most organs)
cephalization (concentration of nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Coelom

A

fluid lined body cavity that separates the gut from the outer body wall, protects organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acoelomates

A

Do not have a coelom
FLATWORMS
3. Platyhelminthes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coelomates

A

have a coelom

ANNELIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A

Combination of both
NEMATODES
4. Rotifera (rotifers)
5. Nematoda (roundworms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protostomes

A 
mouth developed first
spiral
determinate cleavage (fate is determined)
6. Mollusks
7. Annelids
8. Arthropods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Deuterostomes

A 
anus developed first
radial 
indeterminate (totipotent)- develop into anything
9. Echinoderms
10. Chordates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protostome Coelomates

A

last 5 groups

Coelomate has the body cavity surrounded by tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Molluska

A 
snails, octopuses, clams, sea slugs
muscular foot (movement), visceral mass (housing organs) and mantle (tissue layer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Annelida

A

earthworms, leeches
begin to see segmentation
earthworms aerate soil and add nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arthropoda

A 
most successful
insects, spiders, crustaceans 
exoskeleton made of chitin
- limits molting
true body segmentation
jointed appendages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Echinoderms

A 
deuterstome coelomates
star fish, sea cucumbers, sea urchins
radial symmetry as an adult
bilateral symmetry at larval stage
tube feet- suction cup appendages
water vascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cordata

A 
fish, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians
Have:
Bilateral symmetry
Internal skeleton
Pharyngeal slits
Dorsal, hollow nerve chord
Notochord
Ventral heart
Tail
21
Q

3 subphyla of Chordates

A

Urochordates
-Sea squirts
- lose chordate features as an adult
Cephalochordates
-paedogenesis (sexual maturity in the larval stage
-as an adult, they show all chordate characteristics
Vertebrates
-cranium, vertebral column, cephalization

22
Q

Agnathans

A

first types of fish

hagfish and lamprey

23
Q

Condrichthyes

A

sharks and rays

skeleton made of cartilage

24
Q

Osteichtyhes

A

skeleton made of bone

ray finned

25
Q

Amphibians

A

first land vertebrates
Show:
Limbs, Lungs, Live in moist areas and Internal fertilization

26
Q

Reptiles

A

turtles, snakes, lizards
Amniotes (eggs)
skin made of keratin
Amniotic egg

27
Q

Birds

A

Arose from dinosaurs
feathers made of keratin
light, hollow bones
reduced organs

28
Q

mammals

A

modified skeleton
fur made of keratin
mammary glands

29
Q

Monotremes

A

Lay eggs (platypus)

30
Q

Marsupials

A

pouch young (kangaroos)

31
Q

Eutherians

A

placental (monkeys, cats, elephants)

32
Q

Altricail

A

young is less developed

33
Q

Precocial

A

young is more developed

34
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC (oxidative phosphorylation)

35
Q

NAD+ and FAD

A

oxidized form

36
Q

NADH and FADH2

A

reduced form

37
Q

Glycolysis

A 
Glucose (6C) to pyruvate (2 3C)
in the cytosol of all cells
ADP becomes phosphorylated
Goes in: 1 glucose, 2 ATP, 4 ADP, 2 NAD+
Comes out: 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 NADH
Net: 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
38
Q

O2 isn’t present

A

goes to lactic acid fermentation
Get NAD+ back
Terminal electron acceptor: pyruvate

39
Q

O2 is present

A

regenerate NAD+

Electron acceptor: O2

40
Q

Krebs

A

Pyruvate gets transferred to acetyl CoA
Goes in: 1 acetyl CoA, 3 NAD+, 1 FAD, 1 ADP
Comes out: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
THIS PROCESS GOES AROUND TWICE

41
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A 
NADH and FADH2 deliver high energy electrons
NADH dehydrogenase: strips the electrons
ATP Synthase: protein that transfers H+
Oxidative Phosphorylation
NET gain, 34 atp
42
Q

Photsynthesis

A

Light energy converts to chemical energy

43
Q

Stroma

A

space in the middle

44
Q

Granum

A

each specific stack of disks

45
Q

Thylakoid Disks

A

stacks of disks

46
Q

Light reactions

A
  1. Light hits Thykaloid
  2. Water gets broken down
    goes to ETC to decrease energy (Photosystem 2)
  3. Same process, but different pigmentation (Photosystem 1)
    NADP+ gets reduced to NADPH
    Overall gain: ATP, NADPH, O2
47
Q

Calvin cycle (Dark Reactions)

A

Goes in: ATP and NADPH

Comes out: Sugar, ADP, NADP+ and phosphate

48
Q

Fixation

A

CO2 attaches to one 5-carbon (RuBP)
The enzyme rubisco helps
CO2 enters through the stomata
Creates an unstable molecule, so divides into 2 3C molecules

49
Q

Reduction

A

2 3C molecules are phosphorylated by ATP and reduced by NADPH
BECOMES G3P
Gets recycled to RuBP, but some G3P leaves to become glucose

Biology 110 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions