Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

M/S 2 > Exam 5 - GU > Flashcards

Exam 5 - GU Flashcards

1
Q

T or F. the urinary tract is sterile above the urethra.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common bacteria r/t UTI

A

e. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 locations for UTI

A

upper (complicated)
lower (uncomplicated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

upper UTI involves which 2 structures

A

kidney
ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lower UTI involves with 2 structures

A

bladder
urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

methods that keep the urinary tract sterile

A

normal voiding
bladder emptying
acid urine
urea concentration
peristalsis
physiologic competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

alterations that can lead to a UTI

A

gram (-) bacilli
CAUTI
stones
incomplete voiding
urethrovesical reflux
sexual intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

s/sx of a lower UTI

A

malodorous urine
hazy urine
hematuria
hesitancy, intermittency
incomplete emptying
dysuria
suprapubic/low back pain
frequency, urgency
nocturia
incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

upper UTI s/sx

A

same as lower PLUS
fever
flank pain
sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

s/sx of UTI in elderly

A

vague
lethargy/fatigue
confusion
non-localized abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is a UTI dx

A

clinical s/sx
UA
dipstick
C/S
imaging
CVA tenderness
blood cultures (sepsis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when should a C/S be performed

A

before administering abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

benefits for dx with a dipstick

A

cost effective
quick
less sensitive
timing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UTI self/home testing

A

DUS 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

empiric therapy for UTI

A

based on HCP judgement
C/S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

uncomplicated UTI treatment

A

short term antimicrobials (x3 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

complicated UTI treatment

A

antimicrobial therapy (7-10 days)

more potent med
sometimes IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

review UTI meds on slide 13

A

review UTI meds on slide 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when is prophylactic therapy used for UTI

A

repeated UTI

low dose TMP/SMX, nitrofurantoin, or abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

phenazopyridine education

A

will turn bodily fluids orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

those who are at risk for UTI

A

immunocompromised
poor health conditions
elderly
obstructions/catheters
residual urine
constipation
sexually active females
post-menopausal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

primary prevention re: UTI

A

empty bladder regularly, completely
regular BM
wipe front to back
cranberry juice, pills
void before, after intercourse
good perineal hygiene
avoid harsh soaps, douche, powder
shower, not bathe
report s/sx ASAP
drink 1/2 weight in fluid daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how to avoid CAUTI

A

remove ASAP
aseptic technique
good cath care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what to avoid during UTI

A

caffeine
chocolate
spicy foods
alcohol
citrus juices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is pyelonephritis

A

acute, upper UTI (begins as lower UTI)

infection of renal parenchyma and collecting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

frequent factors r/t pyelonephritis

A

vesicoureteral reflux
obstructions
-stone, BPH, catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

s/sx of pyelonephritis

A

lower UTI s/sx
fever
chills
flank pain
N/V
malaise
fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how to dx pyelonephritis

A

UA
UA with C/S
CBC with diff
US/CT
IVP (dye used to see movement through kidneys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

mild pyelonephritis abx length

A

abx for 14-21 days

30
Q

chronic pyelonephritis is caused by…

A

frequent bouts of acute pyelonephritis

31
Q

chronic pyelonephritis can lead to…

A

ESRD
HTN
kidney stones

32
Q

T or F. chronic pyelonephritis pts are usually asymptomatic

A

True

33
Q

Normal post void residual

A

50-75 mL

34
Q

when is post void residual concering

A

> 100 mL

35
Q

causes of urinary retention

A

obstructions
DM
ETOH
Neuro deficits
some medications
deficient detrusor muscle

36
Q

urinary retention management

A

voiding schedule
double voiding
catheter
meds (alpha blockers)
surgery
implant

have pt blow bubbles into a cup via straw to relax the muscles

37
Q

urinary retention education

A

drink small amounts throughout the day
limit ETOH
warm bath
drink caffeine
intermittent, indwelling cath (aseptic technique)

38
Q

solid particles in the urinary system

A

renal calculi

39
Q

renal calculi s/sx

A

pain (mild, severe)
N/V
hematuria
chills, fever (r/t secondary infection)
urgency, frequency, hesitancy

40
Q

where can renal calculi occur?

A

anywhere in the urinary tract

41
Q

what are the 5 types of calculi

A

calcium oxalate (most common)
struvite (least common)
calcium phosphate
uric acid
cystine

42
Q

what is sturvite formed

A

urine becomes alkaline creating the stone

Mag + ammonium + phosphite

43
Q

calculi risk factors

A

hx of
dehydration
warm climate
infections
obstructions
metabolic disorders (kidney, GI)
diet (excessive CA, alkali)
urinary pH

44
Q

acidic urinary pH can cause which 2 stones

A

uric acid
cystine

45
Q

basic urinary pH can cause which 2 stones

A

Calcium
Phosphate

46
Q

how to Dx calculi

A

noncontrast CT
UA (pH, blood)
analysis of stone
serum: electrolytes, uric acid, BUN, crt
24 hour urine

47
Q

what should be done with all urine

A

strained

48
Q

size to let a calculi pass naturally

A

< 4mm

49
Q

alpha blockers for calculi

A

tamsulosin
terazosin

50
Q

dietary changes r/t calculi

A

low sodium
low calcium
drink enough water to void 2 L daily

51
Q

Calcium oxalate stone medications

A

thiazide diuretics
K citrate
cholestyramine
phosphate

52
Q

uric acid stone meds

A

K citrate
allopurinol

53
Q

uric acid stone diet

A

low purine

54
Q

cystine stone meds

A

K citrate
A-penicillamine
tiopronin

55
Q

most common urinary diversion

A

ileal conduit

56
Q

what is an ileal conduit

A

form a stoma in the skin with one end; attach ureters to the other end

57
Q

ureterostomy

A

ureters are directed through the abdominal wall

58
Q

5 W’s for postop

A

wind (air, breathing)
water (fluids, electrolytes, UOP)
walking (DVT)
wound (infection)
wonder (drugs)

59
Q

T or F. hematuria and mucous are normal finds in postop care for urinary diversions

A

True

hematuria for the first 48 hours

60
Q

how long will urinary stents stay in place

A

10-21 days

do not want stoma to become tight around stents

61
Q

how often to inspect a new stoma

A

q4h

62
Q

when to change a stoma/urinary bag

A

1/3 to 1/2 full

63
Q

when to change a stoma/urinary bag

A

in the AM (d/t long interval without fluid)

64
Q

reusable stoma/urinary bag education

A

rinse
soak in vinegar water or deodorizing solution
rinse
air dry

65
Q

indiana pound

A

urine collection pouch create from pieces of the colon and the ureters attach

drained with a catheter

66
Q

ureterosigmoidostomy

A

ureters are attached to the sigmoid colon

urine flow is controlled by the anal sphincter

67
Q

indiana pouch postop care

A

irrigate stoma 2-3 times daily
monitor I&O
drain q4-6 hours

68
Q

indiana pouch postop care

A

irrigate stoma 2-3 times daily
monitor I&O
drain q4-6 hours
cover with light dressing
keep stoma clean, dry

69
Q

you must empty ___ frequently with a ureterosigmoidostomy

A

bowels

70
Q

ureterosigmoidostomy diet

A

low chloride
avoid gas forming foods
increase K

71
Q

if a large part of the ileum is removed, what type of vitamin deficiency may be present

A

vitamin b12

72
Q

peritonitis s/sx

A

abdominal pain, distension
muscle rigidity, guarding
N/V
paralytic ileus

M/S 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions