Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

M/S 2 > Exam 4 - Types of Cancers > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Types of Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

malignancy of the oral mucosa

may occur on the lips, tongue, floor of mouth

A

oral cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

oral cancer risk factors

A

smoking
drinking
alcohol
chewing tobacco
marijuana
occupational exposure
viruses (HPV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

early s/sx of oral cancer

A

painless ulcerations

leukoplakia (white patches)
erythroplakia (red patches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

late s/s of oral cancer

A

impaired speaking, swallow, chewing
swollen lymph nodes
blood-tinged sputum
trimus (difficulty moving the jaw)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

malignant neoplasm of the esophagus

A

esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

esophageal cancer causes

A

GERD
tobacco
alcohol (excessive use)
obesity
oral hygiene
nitrates
Barrett’s esophagus (chronic inflammation)
achalasia (slow emptying)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

esophageal cancer s/sx

A

late onset
progressive dysphagia
substernal, epigastric, back pain
weight loss
regurgitation of blood-flecked contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

s/sx of esophageal cancer is in the upper 1/3

A

sore throat
choking
hoarseness
hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

races with the highest incidence of stomach cancer

A

Hispanics
African Americans
Asian Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stomach cancer risk factors

A

H. pylori
genetics
chronic gastritis
gastric polyps
pernicious anemia
achlorhydria (lack of HCl)
smoked foods nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is stomach cancer most commonly found

A

distal portion of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stomach cancer mets usually goes to the ___

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stomach cancer s/sx

A

satiety (early fullness)
anorexia
indigestion
vomiting
unrelieved ulcer-like pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

late s/sx of stomach cancer

A

weight loss
cachectic
palpable mass
GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rapid movement of hypertonic chyme into small intestines

A

dumping syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dumping syndrome s/sx

A

occurs within 15 minutes of eating
weakness
dizziness
diaphoresis
epigastric fullness
tachycardia
abdominal cramping
self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

dumping syndrome education

A

no fluids with meals
low carb
small meals with protein + fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

colorectal cancer risk factors

A

family hx - 1st degree relative with CRC and IBD
lynch syndrome
smoking
alcohol
high beef, low fat diet
low fiber intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

factors that reduce risk of CRC

A

exercise
diet high in fruit, veggies, and grains
long term use of NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

colorectal cancer s/sx

A

rectal bleeding (most common)
alt. C/D
sensation of incomplete evacuation
obstruction
change in stools (narrow, ribbon like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

L sided colorectal cancer is associated with ___

A

obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

R sided colorectal cancer is associated with ___ ___ and ___

A

bloody stool; diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anal cancer is associated with ___

A

HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

anal cancer risk factors

A

HPV
anal sex
smokers
cervical, vulver cancer
immune compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

anal cancer s/sx

A

rectal bleeding
sensation of a mass
pain

can be no s/sx at all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pancreatic cancer risk factors

A

smoking
environmental chemicals/toxins
high fat diet
DM
chronic pancreatitis
> 60 y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pancreatic cancer s/sx

A

pain*
jaundice*
weight loss*
vague upper abdominal, lower back pain
early mets
ascites
insulin deficiency
abdominal pain aggravated by meals

*classic signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

renal cell cancer is associated with ___ and ___ ___

A

smoking; bladder cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

renal cell cancer risk factors

A

acquired cystic disease
HTN
tobacco
African American men
50-70 y/o

30
Q

renal cell cancer s/sx

A

no s/sx initially
flank pain
hematuria
mass in flank or abdomen

31
Q

main risk factor for bladder cancer

A

smoking

32
Q

bladder cancer risk factors

A

women
60-70 y/o
transitional cell carcinoma
environmental
recurrent UTI, calculi
long-term cath

33
Q

bladder cancer s/sx

A

hematuria
dysuria
frequency
urgency

34
Q

pelvic and back pain for bladder cancer indicates ___

A

mets

35
Q

lung cancer is common found in which lobes

A

upper

36
Q

2 non-small cell lung cancer types

A

squamous
adenocarinoma
large cell undiff

37
Q

most aggressive form of lung cancer

A

small cell lung cancer

38
Q

lung cancer s/sx

A

silent until late
productive cough
change in cough
dyspnea, chest pain
hemoptysis
slow development of persistent PNA
arm, shoulder pain
hoariness, local wheezing
superior vena cava syndrome
clubbing
enlarged lymphnodes
pain
loss of appetite
N/V
weakness

39
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome is a group of ___ disorders

A

hematologic disoders

40
Q

s/sx of myelodysplastic syndrome

A

infection
bleeding
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
anemia

41
Q

unrestrained growth of WBC replacing normal bone marrow elements

stem cells become malignant

A

leukemia

42
Q

2 types of ACUTE leukemia

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

affects IMMATURE cells

43
Q

2 types of CHRONIC leukemia

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

affects MATURE cells

44
Q

AML characteristics

A

uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts

precursors of eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils

hyperplasia: bone marrow, spleen

45
Q

AML survival rate

A

1 year

46
Q

acute lymphocytic leukemia is consider a ___ ____

A

childhood disease

median age is 15

47
Q

s/sx of ALL

A

abrupt fever, bleeding, weakness, fatigue, joint pain

48
Q

mean age for CML

A

67

49
Q

survival rate for CML

A

3-4 years

50
Q

s/sx of CML

A

none early
fatigue
weakness
fever
spenomegaly
joint pain

51
Q

CLL average survival rate

A

7 years

52
Q

CLL is more common in ___ with an average age of ___

A

men; 71

53
Q

CLL s/sx

A

asymptomatic

chronic fatigue, mild anemia, lymphadenopathu

54
Q

leukemia s/sx as a whole

A

fatigue, malaise
pallor
bone, joint, abdominal, sternal pain
fever, nigh sweats
weight loss, anorexia
infection
petechiae
nose bleeds, hemorrhages
enlarged spleen, liver

55
Q

cancers originating in the bone marrow and lymphatic structures

A

lymphoma

56
Q

2 categories of lymphoma

A

Hodgkin’s
Non-Hodgkin’s

57
Q

Hodgkin’s risk factors

A

Epstein-Barr
genetics
exposure to toxins

58
Q

Hodgkin’s is identified by while cells

A

Reed-Sternberg

59
Q

Hodgkin’s s/sx

A

painless lymphnode enlargement
pressure
fatigue
itching
weight loss
pain with alcohol consumption
slight fever w/o infection
spleen, liver enlarged
progressive anemia
night sweats
weight loss

60
Q

Hodgkins stage 1

A

single node, contiguous structures

61
Q

Hodgkins stage 2

A

> 1 node, unilateral of diaphragm

62
Q

Hodgkin’s stage 3

A

above + below diaphragm

63
Q

Hodgkin’s stage 4

A

disseminated diffusely

64
Q

s/sx of non-Hodgkin’s

A

swollen, painless lymphnodes (neck, armpits, groin)
unexplained weight loss
fever, itching
soaking night sweats
coughing; difficulty breathing, CP
weakness, tiredness that won’t go away
pain, swelling, feeling of fullness in abdomen

65
Q

cancer of the epidermis

locally invades, potential mets

A

squamous cell carincoma

66
Q

cancer of basal layer of epidermis

damage underlying tissue, progresses to vital structures; usually not mets

A

basal cell carinoma

67
Q

originates in melanin producing cells of epidermis

highly metastatic

A

malignant melanoma

68
Q

skin cancer risk factors

A

UV light over long period of time
chronic skin irritation
fair complexion
several moles
family hx of unusual moles
family, personal hx of melanoma

69
Q

3 types of bx

A

shave
punch
excision

70
Q

ABCD of Melanoma

A

asymmetry
Borders
Color
Diameter (> 6mm)

M/S 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions