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Med Surg > exam 5 > Flashcards

exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

connects bone, enables movement via contraction which pulls on bone

A

skeletal muscle

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2
Q

forms organs that squeeze, involuntary muscle

A

smooth muscle

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3
Q

makes up heart

A

cardiac muscle

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4
Q

weakening or reduction of muscle mass caused by age, starvation, nerve injury or disease

A

muscle atrophy

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5
Q

knock kneed

A

genuvalgum

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6
Q

bow legged

A

genuvarum

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7
Q

bone disease that results in loss of bone density and development of fragile bones

A

osteoporosis

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8
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis

A

older age, post-menopausal, sedentary lifestyle, steroid use, high intake of carbonated beverages, low weight, etc

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9
Q

what are clinical manifestations of osteoporosis

A

back pain, easily fracturing bones

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10
Q

how to diagnose osteoporosis

A

xray, MRI, DXA

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11
Q

treatment of osteoporosis

A

nutritional therapy, vit D and calcium supplements, lifestyle changes, strengthening exercises

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12
Q

what are nursing considerations for biphosonates

A

upright position, full glass of water, AM on empty stomach, elevate HOB

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13
Q

lack of vitamin D, bones are soft and weak

A

osteomalacia

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14
Q

foods high in vitamin D

A

fish, egg yolk, meat, cereals, milk

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15
Q

infection of bone

A

osteomyelitis

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16
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

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17
Q

risk factors for osteomyelitis

A

poorly nourished, elderly, obese, impaired immune system, chronic illness, long term steroids, IV drug users, hemodialysis

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18
Q

fever, chills, general malaise, bone pain, swelling, erythema, tenderness

A

acute osteomyelitis

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19
Q

ulcer formation, localized pain, drainage

A

chronic osteomyelitis

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20
Q

diagnosing osteomyelitis

A

wound cultures, blood cultures, biopsy, CBC, ESR, bone scan, x ray, MRI

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21
Q

Treating osteomyelits

A

antbiotics, immobilization, surgical management

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22
Q

what kind of precautions if MRSA develops

A

contact

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23
Q

most common bone cancer- rapid growing and spreads easily

A

osteosarcoma

24
Q

s/s of osteosarcoma

A

pain, limited motion, weight loss, palpable tender mass, increase warmth

25
Q

most malignant bone cancer

A

ewings sarcoma

26
Q

disruption or break in the continuity of the bone

A

fracture

27
Q

open fracture

A

compound fracture- through the skin

28
Q

highest risk with open fractures

A

osteomyelitis

29
Q

compression of structures within a closed compartment of the upper or lower extremity

A

compartment syndrome

30
Q

what is important to check with compartment syndrome

A

CSM

31
Q

If CS is suspected, do you elevate the limb above the heart?

A

NO

32
Q

fat emobli are released into the blood stream from a fracture

A

fat embolism syndrome

33
Q

manifestations of FES

A

altered mental status (early sign), resp distress, tachycardia, fever, petechiae on arms

34
Q

treatment of closed fracture

A

immobilzation, ice, elevate, pain management

35
Q

what do you need to consider with splints and braces?

A

skin breakdown, numbness, CSM, compartment syndrome

36
Q

what is ORIF

A

open reduction, internal fixation- surgical repair of bone with screws, pins, plates and rods

37
Q

application of a pulling force (weights) on fracture with realignment

A

traction

38
Q

to decrease painful muscle spasms, boots and splints applied to skin with weights

A

bucks traction

39
Q

long term, pins inserted into bone- weights and pulleys are added

A

skeletal traction

40
Q

what are manifestations of hip fracture

A

external rotation of the hip, muscle spasms, shortening of the affected extremity, pain in the region of fracture

41
Q

what is arthroplasty?

A

replacement

42
Q

Hip precautions are for which kind of surgery?

A

arthroplasty only

43
Q

femur fracture

A

surgical ORIF with plates, nails, rods, or compression screw- long healing time (6 months)

44
Q

tibia-fibula fracture

A

closed reduction with casting (6-10 weeks)

45
Q

pelvic fracture facts

A

very vascular, must monitor h and h - high risk for hemmorage

46
Q

wear and tear disease involving the articular joints and surrounding tissue- degenerative change in the joint cartilage

A

osteoarthritis

47
Q

risk factors for osteoarthritis

A

trauma, obesity, sex and race, genetics, overuse, advanced age

48
Q

clinical manifestations of OA

A

pain with movement, crepitation of joint, stiffness

49
Q

clinically shown: heberdens and bouchards nodes

A

osteoarthritis

50
Q

what lab will show up with osteoarthritis

A

increased sed rate d/t inflammation

51
Q

chronic, progressive systemic autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent inflammation of the synovial joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

52
Q

who is most likely to develop RA?

A

women, 75% of cases- diagnosis child bearing age

53
Q

how to diagnose RA

A

elevated sed rate, positive rheumatoid factor in blood, ANA positive

54
Q

early signs of RA

A

joint inflammation, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, general weakness, low grade fever

55
Q

late signs of RA

A

moderate/severe pain, morning stiffness, subcutaneous nodules

56
Q

clinical manifestation- butterfly rash

A

lupus

Med Surg (9 decks)

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