Exam 5

Question 1

the term used to describe the adult period during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost

Answer 1

climacteric

Question 2

the cessation of monthly menstrual cycles in middle-aged women

Answer 2

menopause

Question 3

the stage of menopause during which estrogen levels fall somewhat, menstrual periods are less regular, and anovulatory cycles begin to occur

Answer 3

premenopoausal phase

Question 4

the stage of menopause during which estrogen and progesterone levels are erratic, menstrual cycles may be very irregular, and women begin to experience symptoms such as hot flashes

Answer 4

perimenopausal phase

Question 5

the last stage of menopause, which begins when a woman has no menstrual periods for a year or more

Answer 5

postmenopausal phase

Question 6

loss of bone mass with age, resulting in more brittle and porous bones

Answer 6

osteoporosis

Question 7

normal loss of visual acuity with aging, especially the ability to focus the eyes on near objects

Answer 7

presbyopia

Question 8

normal loss of hearing with aging, especially of high-frequency tones

Answer 8

presbycusis

Question 9

a set of disease processes in the heart and circulatory system

Answer 9

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Question 10

narrowing of the arteries caused by deposits of a fatty substance called plaque

Answer 10

atherosclerosis

Question 11

elevated blood pressure

Answer 11

hypertension

Question 12

physical and psychological dependence on alcohol

Answer 12

alcoholism

Question 13

the process of balancing the gains and losses associated with aging

Answer 13

selective optimization with compensation

Question 14

recollections of personal events

Answer 14

episodic memories

Question 15

general knowledge

Answer 15

semantic memories

Question 16

the ability to produce original, appropriate, and valuable ideas and/or solutions to problems

Answer 16

creativity

Question 17

a sense that one is making a valuable contribution to society by bringing up children or mentoring younger people in some way midlife

Answer 17

generativity

Question 18

a theoretical perspective on middle adulthood that focuses on normative and non normative events and how adults in this age group respond to them

Answer 18

life events approach

Question 19

any situation in which two or more roles are at least partially incompatible, either because they call for different behaviors or because their separate demands add up to more hours than there are in a day

Answer 19

role conflict

Question 20

middle-aged adults who provide assistance to their parents and adult children at the same time

Answer 20

multigenerational caregivers

Question 21

a term for the cumulative negative effects of caring for an elderly or disabled person

Answer 21

caregiver burden

Question 22

relationships in which grandparents do not see their grandchildren often

Answer 22

remote relationships

Question 23

relationships in which grandparents have frequent contact and warm interactions with grandchildren

Answer 23

companionate relationships

Question 24

relationships in which grandparents are directly involved in the everyday care of grandchildren or have close emotional ties with them

Answer 24

involved relationships

Question 25

lack of energy, exhaustion, and pessimism that result from chronic stress

Answer 25

burnout

Question 26

the scientific study of aging

Answer 26

gerontology

Question 27

self-help tasks such as bathing, dressing, and using the toilet

Answer 27

activities of daily living (ADLs)

Question 28

more intellectually demanding daily living tasks such as doing housework, cooking and managing money

Answer 28

instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

Question 29

older adults whose physical and/or mental impairments are so extensive that they cannot care for themselves

Answer 29

frail elderly

Question 30

the redundancy in the nervous systems that ensures that it is nearly always possible for a nerve impulse to move from one neuron to another or from a neuron to another type of cell (e.g. a muscle cell)

Answer 30

synaptic plasticity

Question 31

persistent ringing in the ears

Answer 31

tinnitus

Question 32

the genetically programmed time limit to which each species is theoretically proposed to be subject, after which cells no longer have any capacity to replicate themselves accurately

Answer 32

hayflick limit

Question 33

a string of repetitive DNA at the tip of each chromosome in the body that appears to serve as a kind of timekeeping mechanism

Answer 33

telomere

Question 34

the view that age-related declines are the result of species-specific genes for aging

Answer 34

programmed senescence theory

Question 35

the formation of undesirable bonds between proteins or fats

Answer 35

cross-linking

Question 36

molecules or atoms that possess an unpaired electron

Answer 36

free radicals

Question 37

the hypothesis that mental and physical functioning decline drastically only in the few years immediately preceding death

Answer 37

terminal decline hypothesis

Question 38

the feeling of fullness that follows a meal

Answer 38

satiety

Question 39

a neurological disorder involving problems with memory and thinking that affect an individual's emotional, social, and physical functioning

Answer 39

dementia

Question 40

a very severe form of dementia, the cause of which is unknown

Answer 40

Alzheimer's disease

Question 41

a form of dementia caused by one or more strokes

Answer 41

vascular dementia

Question 42

a cognitive characteristic that includes accumulated knowledge and the ability to apply that knowledge to practical problems of living, popularly thought to be more commonly found in older adults

Answer 42

wisdom

Question 43

the feeling that one's life has been worthwhile

Answer 43

ego integrity

Question 44

reflecting on past experience

Answer 44

reminiscence

Question 45

an evaluative process in which elders make judgements about past behavior

Answer 45

life review

Question 46

the idea that it is normal and healthy for older adults to try to remain as active as possible for as long as possible

Answer 46

activity theory

Question 47

the theory that it is normal and healthy for older adults to scale down their social lives and to separate themselves from others to a certain degree

Answer 47

disengagement theory

Question 48

the idea that older adults adapt lifelong interests and activities to the limitations imposed upon them by physical aging

Answer 48

continuity theory

Question 49

the term gerontologists use to describe maintaining one's physical health, mental abilities, social competence, and overall satisfaction with one's life as one ages

Answer 49

successful aging

Question 50

performance of unpaid work for altruistic motives

Answer 50

volunteerism

Question 51

the tendency to turn to religious beliefs and institutions for support in times of difficulty

Answer 51

religious coping

Question 52

living in a non institutional environment, to which modifications have been made to accommodate an older adult's needs

Answer 52

aging in place

Question 53

a post retirement move away from kin to a location that has some desirable feature, such as year round warm weather

Answer 53

amenity move

Question 54

a move to a location near family or friends that happens when an elder requires frequent help because of a disability or disease

Answer 54

compensatory migration

Question 55

a move to an institution such as a nursing home that is necessitated by a disability

Answer 55

institutional migration