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Developmental Psychology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

goals based on a desire to be superior to others

A

ability goals

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2
Q

the transitional period between childhood and adulthood

A

adolescence

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3
Q

the fourth of Piaget’s stages, during which adolescents learn to reason logically about abstract concepts

A

formal operational stage

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4
Q

the ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises

A

hypothetico-deductive reasoning

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5
Q

an internalized set of behavioral standards usually derived from a teenager’s peer group

A

imaginary audience

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6
Q

the beginning of menstrual cycles

A

menarche

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7
Q

the belief that the events of one’s life are controlled by a mentally constructed autobiography

A

personal fable

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8
Q

gland that triggers other glands to release hormones

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

the part of the frontal lobe that is just behind the forehead and is responsible for executive processing

A

prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

the sex organs; ovaries, uterus, and vagina in the female; testes and penis in the male

A

primary sex characteristics

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11
Q

collective term for the physical changes which culminate in sexual maturity

A

puberty

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12
Q

body parts such as breasts in females and pubic hair in both sexes

A

secondary sex characteristics

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13
Q

a change that occurs in developing nations when nutrition and health improve - for example, the decline in average age of menarche and the increase in average height for both children and adults that happened between the mid 18th and mid 19th centuries in western countries

A

secular trend

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14
Q

the process of finding a solution to a problem by testing single factors

A

systematic problem solving

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15
Q

goals based on a desire for self-improvement

A

task goals

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16
Q

four to six young people who appear to be strongly attached to one another

A

clique

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17
Q

in Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgements are based on rules or norms of a group to which the person belongs

A

conventional morality

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18
Q

a combination of cliques, which includes both males and females

A

crowd

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19
Q

a form of aggression in which electronic communications are used to intentionally inflict harm on others

A

cyberbullying

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20
Q

antisocial behavior that includes law breaking

A

delinquency

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21
Q

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status of a person who has made a commitment without having gone through a crisis; the person has simply accepted a parentally or culturally defined commitment

A

foreclosure

22
Q

an understanding of one’s unique characteristics and how they have been, are, and will be manifested across all ages, situations, and social roles

A

identity

23
Q

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status achieved by a person who has been through a crisis and reached a commitment to ideological or occupational goals

A

identity achievement

24
Q

Erikson’s term for the psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when an adolescent’s sense of self becomes “unglued” so that a new, more mature sense of self can be achieved

A

identity crisis

25
Q

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and who has made no commitment

A

identity diffusion

26
Q

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status of a person who is in a crisis but has made no commitment

A

moratorium

27
Q

in Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgements are based on an integration of individual rights and the needs of society

A

postconventional morality

28
Q

in Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgments are based on authorities outside the self

A

preconventional morality

29
Q

the ability to look at a situation from another person’s perspective

A

role-taking

30
Q

knowledge and judgment acquired through education and experience

A

crystallized intelligence

31
Q

a form of thought involving recognition and acceptance of paradox and uncertainty

A

dialectical thought

32
Q

the aspect of intelligence that reflects fundamental biological processes and does not depend on specific experience

A

fluid intelligence

33
Q

the part of the brain that regulates emotional responses

A

limbic system

34
Q

a set belief about the causes of events

A

locus of control

35
Q

a measure of the body’s ability to take in and transport oxygen to various body organs

A

maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max)

36
Q

an inflexible pattern of behavior that leads to difficulty in social, educational, and occupational functioning

A

personality disorder

37
Q

an irrational fear of an object, a person, a place, or a situation

A

phobia

38
Q

types of thinking that are associated with a hypothesized fifth stage of cognitive development

A

postformal thought

39
Q

any kind of formal educational experience that follows high school

A

postsecondary education

40
Q

age-related physical changes that have a biological basis and are universally shared and inevitable

A

primary aging (senescence)

41
Q

the idea that some propositions cannot be adequately described as either true or false

A

relativism

42
Q

a serious mental disorder characterized by disturbances of thought such as delusions and hallucinations

A

schizophrenia

43
Q

age-related changes that are due to environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease

A

secondary aging

44
Q

sociologists’ term for the tendency to mate with someone who has similar traits to one’s own

A

assortative mating (homogamy)

45
Q

the process of adapting to the workplace, managing career transitions, and pursuing goals through employment

A

career development

46
Q

the period from the late teens to early 20s when individuals explore options prior to committing to adult roles

A

emerging adulthood

47
Q

a family role, usually occupied by a woman, which includes responsibility for maintaining family and friendship relationships

A

kin keeper

48
Q

the theory that sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are based on the different amounts of time and effort men and women must invest in child rearing

A

parental investment theory

49
Q

an approach to enhancing job satisfaction by basing job and workplace design on analyses of the quality of employee experiences in an organization

A

quality of work-life (QWL) movement

50
Q

the idea that sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are adaptations to gender roles

A

social role theory

51
Q

the interactive influences among employees’ work and non work roles

A

work-life balance

Developmental Psychology (5 decks)

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