Exam 5 Flashcards
1
Q
4 Reasons for Vehicle Exit Order
A
- Officer Safety
- Investigation (Reasonable suspicion of any crime)
- Police function (Tow, K-9, Search)
- Community Caretaker
2
Q
Things to consider with Officer Safety
A
- Initial failure to stop
- Officers outnumbered
- Removal of seatbelt
- Quick move to get out of car
- Dangerous object in vehicle
- Failure to keep hands in sight
- A frisk following an exit order isn’t automatic.
3
Q
Pretextual stops
A
- You are allowed to pull someone over for a violation even if you have other intentions with the stop, but you must stay within the initial violation until you have reasonable suspicion for something else.
4
Q
Use of force will be held to the Reasonable standard, meaning it must be?
A
“Objectively reasonable”
5
Q
GRAHAM VS CONNOR
A
Use of force must be Objectively reasonable
6
Q
Graham factors (SIRF):
A
- Severity of the crime
- Immediate threat
- Resisting arrest
- Flight
7
Q
Priority of life
A
- Innocent people
- Public safety officials
- Subject/suspect themselves
8
Q
The six components of proper handcuffing:
A
- Immobilize
- Control
- Handcuff
- Search
- Monitor
- Transport
(Think “I can’t hand someone my teeth” [stolen from Westgate])
9
Q
The ideal position is?
A
2 ½
10
Q
Control superiority Principle
A
Recognized Officer advantage over recognized subject disadvantage
11
Q
What is Force?
A
Refers to the application of physical techniques, tactics, however slight required by police to gain compliance by unwilling individual
Note: Physically escorting/handcuffing with minimal or no resistance is not Use of Force
12
Q
Use of force must meet de-escalation requirements and must be ? and ?
A
NECESSARY AND PROPORTIONATE
13
Q
De-escalation tactics must be?
A
feasible (meaning possible/realistic)
14
Q
Chokeholds
A
Pressure on both sides of the neck / carotid:
- With the intent or result of bodily injury, unconsciousness, or death:
- Not a good day (Very bad legal trouble)
15
Q
4 times use of force is allowed:
A
- Lawful arrest
- Prevent escape
- Prevent imminent harm, and use of force is proportionate
- Defend against force
16
Q
99% of City Ordinance violations will not result in an arrest
A
True
17
Q
State legislature creates state laws (MGL)
A
True
18
Q
Cities cannot go against general legislation, can create laws specific to its needs
A
True
19
Q
Formal authority to make laws comes from:
A
- US Constitution
- MA Constitution
- General Court
- MGL
- City Ordinances
20
Q
Police authority comes from:
A
- MA Constitution
- MA General Law
Enabling Statute Ch40 s21
Home Rule MGL Ch 43b
21
Q
Gives Rights of arrest
A
Ch272 s59
22
Q
Right of arrest must be exercised with PICS:
A
- Prudence
- Intelligence
- Common Sense
- Whoever remains in willful violation (after warning), arrestable
- Violates alcohol ordinances, demonstrates knowledge of the law, arrestable w/o warning
- Profane or obscene language or accosting behavior w/ a violation, arrestable w/o warning
23
Q
All ordinance violations are misdemeanors, in presence
A
True
24
Q
Enforcement options:
A
Criminal or Civil
- Arrest
- Summons
- Citation (21D)
CIVIL CITATION ONLY FOR J.V. VIOLATOR
25
Polling station duties:
- Inspect voting machine
- Verify protective counter
- Mark citizens name when they vote
- Report machine malfunctions
26
Smoking prohibited in parks
- 1st offence, $250
- 2nd offence, arrest / complaint
27
Roof Decks:
- Cannot OCCUPY a roof deck w/o permit from ISD
- Applies to TRIPLE DECKAAAHHS (3+ family homes, must be 3 residential units)
28
Details:
Permits shall specify:
- Time
- Place
- Size & Use of such opening
Granted based on:
- Restoration of pavement
- Proper lighting
- Safe & Convenient travel
- Sanitary accommodations
- BPD Officer on Special Duty
29
Leash law:
- Leash not more than 10ft
30
Dangerous or vicious dog:
(Person, Person, Animal)
- Has bitten or attacked human
- Has attempted to bite or attack human (still attempt if only thing that prevented it was leash)
- Has a known tendency to attack other domestic animals (other pets, more than once)
31
Once deemed dangerous:
- Must remain inside or
- Outside, enclosed in a locked pen
Shall display a visible sign (visible from 20ft) on all sides
32
Taking vicious dog on walk:
- Muzzled
- Leash not more than 3 feet
- ABLED bodied adult
33
Exempt from duty to pick up dog poop if:
- Over 65 (65 still must clean)
- Handicapped
34
Strangulation can be fatal up to
36 hours later
35
After being strangled once, victim is ? more likely to be killed by partner
800%
36
Strangulation is a red flag for future ?
homicides
37
Most Strangulation victims have no visible injuries? True or false
True
38
3 types of Strangulation:
- Manual (hands, most common)
- Ligature (using a cord like object)
- Hanging (body weight)
39
Difference between suffocation and strangulation
suffocation (covering mouth & nose) and strangulation (squeezing neck to cut off blood flow to the brain)
40
Two types of strangulation pressure:
- Continuous pressure
- Intermittent pressure (on and off)
41
? seconds is the point of no return during a strangulation assault
50
42
Brain death can occur in how many minutes?
4 minutes
43
How to report child abuse and neglect?
Immediate verbal report to DCF
Within 48 hrs file a 51A including police report
44
Dual Arrest is discouraged - if you have to
Call a Patrol Supervisor and complete a Form 26 and 1.1 Report.
45
How to miscel a DV call
6 Boy: no such person can be found
6 Charlie: no such address
46
Parental Discipline- Must be
REASONABLE
47
If the victim report she/he could not breathe during the strangulation, it becomes
Assault with attempt to murder
48
One or more red spots in eyes or eyelid brought on by the bursting of capillaries
Petechiae
49
Community Engagement
A dynamic relational process that facilitates communication, interaction, involvement, and exchange between an organization and a community for a range of social and organizational outcomes
50
Community Policing
Philosophy that promotes organizational strategies that support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder and fear of crime
51
In (what year) the City replaced the Watch Organization with the Boston Police Department
1854
52
What form of communication influenced the BPD?
Telephone
53
5. In (what year) Boston was the first city in the US to use an automobile as a police cruiser
1903
54
What year was the BPD strike? Purpose?
1919, with the purpose of improving wages and working conditions for Patrolmen
55
Founder of Modern Policing
Sir Robert Peele
56
Principle 7
Root of Community Policing
"The police are the public and the public are the police”
57
Chief Ramsy
The role of the police is to protect the constitutional rights of all
58
The First Responder should assume that?
All patients may be infected with some disease
59
As a First Responder, your most important consideration is?
Ensuring your own safety
60
A DNR order is a written request to not?
Attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest
61
4. Patient Assessment Sequence involves all of the following?
a. Primary assessment, secondary assessment, signs and symptoms
b. EXCEPT - Deciding which hospital to transport to
62
The patient is alert if…
They’re able to answer all questions clear, concise and accurate.
63
If several members of the same household are all found with a headache and nausea
-Remove them
-Notify the Fire Dept
-Suspect Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
64
Symptom of Anaphylactic shock?
Has a very rapid onset
65
8. Anaphylactic shock is characterized by…
-Hives
-rapid pulse
-low blood pressure
66
Documentation should be?
-Detailed,
-Clear
-Concise
-Accurate
67
10. The tearing away of an entire body part is?
Amputation
68
Sign is something about the patient that you can see, whereas a symptom is something the patient tells you
True
69
Heat Exhaustion is
Person is exposed to temperatures over 80 degrees and includes sweating, nausea, dizziness, low BP, lightheadedness.
70
13. Heat Stroke is
person is exposed to more heat than it can handle and includes the body being flushed and dry (no sweating), semi-consciousness, internal temps as high as 106 degrees.
*Caused by a blood clot that blocks supply to the brain.
71
Heat Cramps
Spasms of the muscles
72
15. Standard Of Care
the manner in which you must act or behave
a. Must treat the patient to the best of your ability
b. Must provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would under similar circumstances
73
If someone is cold and pale, what method can you use to warm them up?
Put their arms under their armpits
74
Occurs if body has enough insulin but not enough glucose
Insulin Shock
75
Consent for treatment
Implied consent = the patient does not specifically refuse emergency care
a. Don’t hesitate to treat the unconscious, the law assumes that in the right state of mind that those people would consent to emergency care
b. Expressed consent – The patient lets you know, verbally or nonverbally she/he is willing to accept treatment.
c. Informed consent- The patient understands who you, what you want to do and allows you to treat them.
d. Consent for minor- Minors are not conspired capable of speaking for themselves. Emergency treatment must wait for parent/guarding consent. If permission can not obtained quicky, provide
76
MOI?
Mechanism of Injury
77
78
Signs of Congestive Heart Failure
Breathing difficulty (major symptom)
Rapid, shallow breathing
c. Moist or gurgling respirations
d. Profuse sweating
e. Enlarged neck veins
f. Swollen ankles
g. Anxiety
79
The most stress call includes
a. A patient who reminds you of a family member
b. Young or old patient
c. Death
d. Violence
80
Correct the blocked airway
a. Head tilt-chin lift
b. Jaw-thrust
c. Recovery position
81
CAB
a. Circulation
b. Airway
c. Breathing
82
Level of assessing a patient
a. Primary assessment- to identify immediate life treats to the patient.
b. Secondary assessment – Assess Eyes, nose for blood/drainage and mouth.
c. Reassessment – Stable patient every 15 minutes. Unstable patient every 5 minutes.
83
Hypothermia- Occurs when
the body temperature drops to less than 95° F or 35°C.
84
Altered Mental Status (Use AVPU)
Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
85
The recovery position prevents secretions from entering the?
Trachea
86
What is the normal breathing per minute?
12-20 breath per minutes
87
What is the normal temperature of the human body?
98.6 degrees
88
What is the normal pulse rate of the heart
60-100 beats per minutes
89
Excessive force
Can occur if the officer’s response to a situation is more than reasonable.
90
Tennessee v. Garner: Police may use deadly force on feeling felon
A. Suspect threatens officer with weapon or probable cause to believe suspect has committed crime involving the infliction or threatened infliction of serious injury
B. Deadly force is necessary to prevent escape.
C. Where feasible some warning was given.
91
The right of arrest for trafficking is…..
Felony!!
92
Large capacity for firearm and rifle
More than 10 rounds
93
Defacing or Damaging Property 266 s 126A
Elements
Malicious or wanton. The suspect maliciously or wantonly;
Destroy or deface. Marked, injured, defaced, or destroyed;
Property of another. The real or personal property of another.
Right of arrest: Felony, regardless of value of damage
94
Unlawful Possession of Firearm, Rifle, Shotgun, or Ammunition
269 S 10 (h)
Elements
The S possessed an item;
The item meets the legal definition of a firearm and/or ammunition; and
That the S knew they possessed the firearm; and
The S did not have a valid FID card or the S did not qualify for one of the exemptions in the law that are a substitute for having a valid FID card.
ROA (M) arrest on PC
This applies to possessing a FA, rifle, or shotgun at home or at work.
Remember: Must be owner of the business.
95
Unlawful Possession of a Firearm/Rifle/Shotgun outside of Home or Business
269 s 10 (a)
The defendant:
knowingly possessed (outside home or business), or had under his control in a motor vehicle, a firearm (barrel < 16 in);
doesn’t have a valid license to possess the firearm outside of his home or office;
does not qualify for one of the statutory exemptions from the licensing requirements.
Right of arrest Felony
96
Malicious destruction of property
266 s 127
Elements
The suspect injured or destroyed the personal property, dwelling house, or building of another;
The suspect did so willfully;
The suspect did so with malice;
The amount of damage inflicted to the property was more than $1200.
Right of Arrest Felony if value of property is over $1200. Complaint if value of the property is $1200 or less.
97
Trafficking is defined as….
To knowingly and intentionally manufacture, cultivate, distribute, or dispense; OR to possess with intent to manufacture, cultivate, distribute, or dispense; OR carried into the Commonwealth; a specific amount or mixture of a controlled substance.
Remember: Trafficking is all about the weight!!
98
Example of Class E drugs
Prescription drugs not listed in any other class
Gabapentin
99
Wanton destruction of property
266 s 127
Elements
The S injured or destroyed the personal property, dwelling house, or building of another;
The suspect did so wantonly
ROA Complaint
100
What are the five classes of controlled substances?
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
101
Large capacity for shotgun
More than 5 rounds
102
Examples of Class A drugs
Heroin
Ketamine
Fentanyl
Carfentanil
103
Example of Class D drugs
Marijuana
104
The FID allows ………………………
The LTC allows………………………
possession of rifles or shotguns in public.
possession of rifles, shotguns, and handguns in public.
105
Examples of privacy precautions
Examples include a fence, walls, locked gates, or doors.
106
What are the two types of firearms licenses in Massachusetts?
LTC & FID
107
Unlawful Possession of a Loaded Firearm
269 S 10 (n)
**Suspect knowingly and unlawfully possessed a loaded firearm
**Adds additional jail time
**Defendant must know the firearm was loaded (SJC ruling)
**This is not a stand-alone charge. The S must be charged with a violation of 269 s 10(a) or (c), as well.
There is no statutory right of arrest. It is an additional charge to 269 s 10a or 10c (machine gun)
108
Possession of Controlled Substances 94C s 34
Elements
Knowingly. The suspect knowingly;
Possessed. Possessed some perceptible amount of a controlled substance in any class, or more than 2 ounces of marijuana; and
Without lawful reason. The suspect did not have a valid prescription or other legal basis.
The right of arrest for possession of controlled substances is misdemeanor arrestable on probable cause.
109
Common trafficking weights include
Marijuana 50 lbs or more
Cocaine 18 grams or more
Heroin 18 grams or more
Methamphetamine 18g or more
Fentanyl 10g or more
Carfentanil Any amount
110
The right of arrest for possession with intent to distribute
Class A, B, and C FELONY
Class D and E Misdemeanor arrestable on PC
111
Fraudulently Procuring Food or Accommodations for Credit 140 s 12
2 Types
Type 1: Procuring from a Hotel or Motel
Without paying, the suspect obtained food, entertainment, or accommodations from a hotel, motel, or other lodging house;
With the intent to cheat or defraud the owner (unless, at the time, the suspect had an express agreement for credit)
Type 2: Procuring from a Restaurant
Without paying, the suspect obtained food and/or beverage from a “common victualer” ( a licensed restaurant);
With the intent to cheat or defraud the owner.
Right of arrest: Misdemeanor arrestable as a breach of peace, in presence. Otherwise, complaint.
112
Examples of Class B drugs
Cocaine
Methadone
Oxycontin
Percocet
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Methamphetamine
PCP (Angel Dust)
113
You place a person under arrest on a warrant. During the search incident to a lawful arrest, you find two small bags of crack cocaine from the suspect’s front pocket. In addition to the warrant, what will you charge the person with?
You will charge him with possession of Class B
114
Examples of Class C drugs
Valium
Synthetic marijuana
Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)
Bath salts
115
The “plus factors” to prove possession with intent to distribute
Quantity (no minimum required)
Purity
Street value
Cash (how it is carried)
Packaging
Paraphernalia
Drug sales area
Presence of a firearm
116
The definition of distribution is…..
“To deliver other than by administering or dispensing a controlled substance.” Distribution is any non-medical delivery of drugs.
Important!! a. Delivering drugs is distribution even though no money is exchanged.
b. Sharing drugs is distribution except when the offenders either obtain the drugs together at the same time or “socially share” marijuana.
The right of arrest for distribution is:
Class A, B, and C FELONY
Class D and E Misdemeanor arrestable on PC
117
Trespass after Notice 266 s 120
Elements
Without right. The suspect entered or remained without right;
Property of another. On or in the dwelling, building, boat, improved or enclosed land, wharf, or school bus of another;
Notice. Even though a person with lawful control had forbidden the suspect’s presence:
Directly; or
With a posted notice; or
Through a 209A, s 3 and 4, or 208 s 34B court order (order to vacate marital home).
Right of arrest: Misdemeanor arrestable in presence.
118
The 5 ways that property owners communicate to the public the areas that are off limits:
1.Posted sign
2. Verbal ejection
3. Privacy precautions
4. No trespass notice
5. Court order
119
For a typical firearm arrest, you will charge:
269 s 10 (a) Poss of FA w/o a license
269 s 10 (h) Poss of ammo w/o FID card
269 s 10 (n) Poss of loaded firearm
120
What can you do with an unregistered motor vehicle ?
Tow, civil citation
NO ARREST
121
What can you do when you observe an open container of alcohol in a motor vehicle?
Cite, $500 fine
122
Display of plates
Affixed front and back
Seen from 60ft
No tint plate cover
Registration sticker on top right of the rear plate
IF NO REG STICKER=FINE
Divided highway in opposite direction, or directed by police officer duly authorized to control movement of traffic.
123
How long to fix an inspection sticker with a black R?
60 Days
124
How long to fix a Red inspection sticker?
Less than 60 days
CANNOT BE DRIVEN ON A PUBLIC WAY
BIGGER FINE $50
125
Speeding amounts
$105 for 10mph over the limit
+
$10 for every 1mph after
EX. Speed limit of 25mph and you’re going 40mph
$105 + $50 ($10 per mile after speeding) =$155
126
Tint measures
35% with 2 side mirrors
No tint with 1 side mirror
127
Can you text and read while driving?
No
128
What measures can you take with no registration in possession?
Fine (Money Citation)
129
Plate must be visible on both the rear and front of the vehicle and the rear, also with the rear plate being illuminated and visible from ____ away
60 Feet
130
occupants cannot possess an _____ of alcohol on a public way
OPEN CONTAINER
131
No owner or operator may allow a motor vehicle that is NOT registered to be…
used, pushed, drawn, towed, or driven upon public way
132
Owners have ___ to transfer registration to a newly purchased motor vehicle
7 Days
133
New residents have ___ to register their car in Massachusettes
30 Days
134
Unlawful to operate or allow operation of a motor vehicle or trailer without a valid ________ insurance policy in effect
Liability Insurance
135
Enabling Staue Ch 40 s21
Protect public interest
Welfare of the public
Maintain peace and good order
Health
Safety
Morals
136
Statues take precedent, easier to prove
Home base 43b
