Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Survival Triangle
A
The foundation of the triangle is mental edge and physical preparation
2
Q
Stress
A
The strain placed on your internal system by anything that disturbs or makes a demand of you
3
Q
Your (………) is the most dangerous weapon you carry while on patrol
A
Mind
4
Q
Stress Responses
A
Startle Response: The animal instinct to jump or make other involuntary movement in reflex to sudden fright, such as the sight or sound of a firearm
Thought Distraction: At the moment you need to focus your concentration on the threat, uninvited thoughts may jam your mind and divert your attention
5
Q
Stress may express itself in way that are more upsetting or distracting; Symptoms below
Faint
Urinate
Dry Mouth
Aching Muscles
Vomit
Defecate beyond control
Sweaty Palms
Throbbing Chest
A
Physical Distress
6
Q
Variety of perceptual distortions occur during a high stress incident:
Tunnel Vision
Sight Distortions
Hearing Distortions
A
Sensory Distortion
7
Q
Mentally blocking out part of a stressful episode while it’s happening and when it is over
A
Awareness Lapse
8
Q
How to combat symptoms of stress?
A
- Tactical Breathing
- Positive Self Talk
- Crisis Rehearsal
9
Q
Unprepared and unready to take action
A
Condition White
10
Q
Prepared, alert & relaxed. Good situational awareness *we live in condition yellow
A
Condition Yellow
11
Q
Alert to probable danger, Ready to take action
A
Condition Orange
12
Q
Action mode, Focused on the emergency at hand
A
Condition red
13
Q
Panic, breakdown of physical & mental performance *unable to respond or react to the immediate threat
A
Condition Black
14
Q
10 Most Fatal Errors
A
- Your attitude
- Tombstone Courage
- Not enough rest
- Taking a bad position
- Danger signs
- Failure to watch suspects hands
- Relaxing too soon
- Improper use or no handcuffs
- No search or poor search
- Dirty or inoperative weapon
15
Q
4 Steps to Tactical Thinking
A
- Analyzing the situation you are up against (what you are against)
- Anticipating what problems you might encounter (issues that may arise)
- Deciding what you are going to say and do as part of the plan for controlling the action (how are you going to handle it)
- Ability to control your breathing and stay calm (self control)
16
Q
5 Key Concepts for high risk tactical situations
A
Invisible Deployment
Surprise
Distance
Restraint
Cover
17
Q
The area of environment around the officer that must be considered when making decisions and using judgment
A
Principle of Triangulation
18
Q
The officer in this will generally be the officer that:
Conducts verbal communication
Checks suspect for warrants
Radio Transmission
Gives directions to cover officer
Writes suspect information
Conducts frisks / search
Aware of surroundings
A
Contact Officer
19
Q
Observes while on scene
Maintains and adjusts triangulation position to prevent cross fire with contact officer
Watches persons hand and body movement
Prevents escape
Follow contact officer instructions
Aware of surroundings
A
Cover Officer
20
Q
Outer Circle:
Problem Areas
Middle Circle:
Area of responsibility
Innermost circle:
Focus point ( In the apex of the triangle) / Imminent threat
A
Threat Assessment
21
Q
When conducting threshold inquiry be in interview stance / position?
A
Position 1
Bladed stance
Gun side away
4-6 feet away from suspect
Hands above waist
22
Q
In front of suspect / off to an angle (USED FOR INTERVIEW STANCE)
A
Position 1
23
Q
Feet are shoulder width apart
Knees slightly bent
A
Basic Stance
24
Q
Is used to protect and block or deflect attacking suspect
A
Defensive Stance
25
An object big enough and dense enough to stop a threat ex. Cement barriers, Motor vehicle engine, buildings (CAN PROTECT YOU)
Cover
26
Incapable of stopping a bullet, ex. Thin walls, curtains, car doors (CANNOT PROTECT YOU)
Concealment:
27
Ultimate Goal of Abuser
To gain Power & Control
28
4 main types of abuse
Physical
Sexual
Psychological
Financial
29
Provide specific protocols commonwealth police must follow when investigating domestic violence crimes
EOPSS
30
The willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and or other abusive behavior as part of a systemic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another
Domestic Violence
31
Domestic Violence Power and Control Wheel
Using Coercion & threats
Using Intimidation
Using Emotional Abuse
Using Isolation
Minimizing, Denying, and Blaming
Using Children
Using Male Privilege
Using Economic Abuse
32
Two Relationship Dynamics in Abusive Relationship
Abuser = Power & Control
Victim
33
Cycle of Violence: 3 Typical phases in abusive relationship
Tension Building
Acute Explosion
Honeymoon
34
Effects of Domestic Violence
Physical
Mental
Emotional / Spiritual
35
On average it takes a victim (....) tries before leaving the abuser
7
36
What percentage of domestic violence victims are women?
85%
37
1 in every (?) women will experience domestic violence in their lifetime
3
38
1 in every (?) men will have experience some form of physical violence by an intimate partner
4
39
Boys who witness D.V are (?) as likely to abuse their partner & childrens when they become adults
Twice
40
Can spot identifying characteristics
Process information received prior to sitting down and writing report
Not everyone is a trained observer
Trained Observer
41
A cognitive bias found in science that occurs when a researcher expects a given result and therefore unconsciously manipulates an experiment in order to find it
OCCURS IN:
Music; Backmasking
Medicine; Placebos
Teaching; Pygmalion effect
Police Note taking
Observer Expectancy Effect
42
Types of Reports
Incident Report
Common calls for service; action taken
Criminal Reports
Arrests, summons, investigation of crimes
Specialty reports
OUI, Domestic Violence, Preliminary sexual assaults, use of force
Crash Reports
43
ANUR / OIL
A: About (Time responded to call; told from dispatch
N: Names of officers responding to
U: Unit call sign
R/O: “Responded to” , “Observed”, When assigned to a post (RARELY) “Approached by”
44
Is to increase the level of voluntary compliance
Rule 314 section 1
45
Rule 314 section 4: Traffic Enforcement Options
Verbal Warning
Written Warning Notice
Civil Citation
Complaint Notice on Citation Form
Arrest of Operator
46
Rule 314 section 5: High priority violations
1. Speeding
2. Failure to stop at red light
3. Failure to stop at stop signs
4. Failure to yield to pedestrians
5. Improper passing of school bus
47
Officers who see a traffic violation while on assignment must decide whether it is serious enough to preempt the assigned call
Dispatcher has final authority of the assignment
Rule 314 section 6: Pre-Empting Assigned Calls
48
Rule 301 section 7.6.1 & Rule 302 Chapter 89 section 7B
Caution and Due Regard
49
Rule 301 section 9.1
Pursuit with passengers are prohibited
50
Calls for service in this category indicate that a police presence is needed at the scene of an incident
Rule 301 section 3.4: Priority One Call
51
Weather and Environmental Conditions
Weather plays a role in whether or not you’ll do emergency driving
Rule 302 section 6
52
Conduct administrative investigation of all police misconduct?
Internal Affiars
53
Rights of arrest for misdemeanors
In Presence, breach of peace
In presence, statutory
Probable Cause, statutory
54
Name the crime and its right of arrest
The victim stated that the male’s name is Bill. The victim stated that “Bill” comes in the store all the time, and on today’s date he was speaking loudly at the customers and employees. The victim stated that his behavior has been getting worse and that Bill stated he was “going to shoot everyone here” today. What crime has Bill committed and what is its right of arrest?
Threat to commit a crime. Right of arrest is complaint only.
55
Name the crime and its right of arrest
The victim (age 61) stated the suspect smacked her across the face.
Assault and Battery on an Elder. It is a Felony
56
The most common example of an assault and battery is
A hit or push
57
What is the definition of serious bodily injury?
It is defined as "bodily injury that results in: a permanent disfigure, loss or impairment of body function, limb/organ, or a substantial risk of death
58
TRUE or FALSE?
With assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon, the weapon must come into contact with the victim.
True
59
“Caller states he was trying to fire an employee. States employee became irate and threw a punch at the caller. The punch did not land. Suspect then fled on foot.”
Crime: Assault
M/F: Misdemeanor
ROA: No right of arrest
Why/Why no arrest: Not done in presence
60
What is the right of arrest for assault and battery on a pregnant woman?
Felony
61
What is a “dangerous use” weapon?
A normal item which becomes a weapon when used in a dangerous fashion
62
What is meant by the term “transferred intent”?
Applies to all assaults: A S is guilty of A&B if, while if intending to hit a particular person, the suspect accidentally punches a by stander.
63
Every battery includes an assault, BUT…
Not every assault includes a battery
64
The most common example of an assault is………….
A swing and a miss
65
True or false??
Every assault and battery includes an assault as a lesser included offense.
True
66
What are the lesser-included offenses of assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon?
Assault
Assault and Battery
Assault by means of a dangerous weapon
67
If a suspect possesses a fake gun and commits a crime covered in MGL 265, does this count as being armed?
Yes, this qualifies as being armed for any crime against a person, Chapter 265.
68
True or false?
If the suspect claims to have a weapon, the law states he may be taken at his word.
True
69
Assault occurs in two ways
Attempted Battery (Throwing a punch and missing)
Threatened Battery (verbal threat to do harm= assault when accompanied by an outward gesture)
70
Assault and battery occurs in three ways
1.Intention, unconsented touching of another
2. An intentional, harmful touching of another
3. A reckless act that causes injury to another
71
Threat to commit a crime
275 s 2
Communicated intent to injure: injury would be crime: Victim in fear that suspect had intention/ability to carry out threat.
72
Assault by Dangerous Weapon
The suspect committed an assault by using a dangerous weapon
ROA: Felony
73
List of per se dangerous weapons
Switch knife, or any knife, black jack, metallic knuckles, slung shot
74
Can any part of the human body be considered a dangerous weapon?
No
75
For the crime of A&B serious injury, what is meant by “serious injury”? What is the ROA for this crime?
Bodily injury which results in a permanent disfigurement, protracted loss, or impairment of a bodily function, limb, or organ, or substantial risk of death. ROA is felony
76
Assault and battery by means dangerous weapon
265 s 15A
Commits an Assault and battery
By intentionally and unjustifiably touching another person: or
Intentionally commits a wanton and reckless act that causes physical injury: or
An intentional, harmful toughing:
Through the instrumentality of a dangerous weapon (by means of a dangerous weapon)
77
What is the right of arrest for A&B against a person with an active restraining order against the defendant?
Felony
78
A suspect spits on a victim while she is walking past him.
Assault and Battery
79
Q
You are the responding officer to the following incidents. You must fill-in: the crime that has been committed; whether this crime is a misdemeanor or felony; whether you have the right of arrest; the reason you do or do not have the right of arrest.
The victim stated that he was in the area of 860 Harrison Ave when a suspect approached him. The suspect swung an empty bottle at the victim, but missed him. The suspect then fled towards Mass Av.
Crime committed: Assault by means of dangerous weapon, to wit bottle
M/F: Felony
ROA: Yes, bc it's a felony and all felonies are arrestable
80
You are the responding officer to the following incidents. You must fill-in: the crime that has been committed; whether this crime is a misdemeanor or felony; whether you have the right of arrest; the reason you do or do not have the right of arrest.
The victim tells you that 10 minutes ago, the suspect punched him in the face. You observe a red mark on the victim’s face. The suspect, who is still on scene, admits that he did punch the victim.
crime committed: Assault & Battery
M/F: Misdemeanor
ROA: No
Why do arrest or not: because the right of arrest for assault and battery is breach of peace, in presence. You were not present when incident occurred.
81
Criminal investigations on ALL city employees
Anti Corruption Division
82
All police misconduct including violations of laws (Or serious criminal investigations)
Name of department employees complained against, nature of complaint, prior complaints for each employee complained
Internal Affairs
83
When an officer in an authorized police emergency vehicle with lights and sirens activated actively attempts to apprehend occupants of a suspect vehicle in which the driver increases speed and / or takes evasive in an attempt to avoid apprehension
Rule 301 section 3.4: Motor Vehicle Pursuit
84
Operator's driving behavior
Seriousness of the offense
Danger created by the violation
Other information relevant to the infraction
Officer Discretion Based on Operating Behavior
85
Oral Notification:
24 hours for oral report
Written Notification:
24 hours for written report
Goes to the commander of the anti corruption division
Rule 113 section 7 (Corruption complaint)
86
Dirty Harry Syndrome
Good intentions; Bending law to get the bad guy
Noble Cause Corruption
87
Use of Personal Characteristics in Law Enforcement
Cannot arrest because someone’s identity
If you get a radio call and a person matches the radio description that is different
Personal characteristics are used on the job
Rule 113A section 4.1 (Bias Free Policing)
88
Gratuities
Bribes
Theft
Internal Corruption
Types of Corruption
89
If you “Neglect” what you’re supposed to do you’re in violation
Conduct / commission
Neglect of Duty
(Rule 102 section 4)
90
Respectful treatment to EVERYONE
Respectful Treatment
(Rule 102 section 9)
91
No alcohol while wearing BPD uniform or anything that can imply you are a BPD employee
Use of Alcohol on Duty
(Rule 102 section 14)
92
Employees shall not bring / store alcoholic beverages in any police facility / vehicle unless it is evidence
Alcoholic Beverages on Police Installations
Rule 102 section 15
93
All sworn personnel are required to be knowledgeable of conditions in and around licensed premises
Radio Calls: Officers responding to a radio call will notify the patrol supervisor if the call is at a licensed premise
Procedures
Rule 326 section 3
94
When introducing the victim the reader should know exactly who you’re talking to
(ex. Victim #1 (Jane Doe))
Why they want you there
Concerns
Identity, race, gender, height, weight, hair, eye color (ANUR OIL)
Always ask if there were weapons involved
Always state if suspect was armed / what they were armed with
Victims
95
Name
Date of Birth
Phone number & email
Marital status
Physical Characteristics
Clothing description
Data Collection (Interview) Victim
96
Concerns
What they seen
Witnesses
97
Concerns
Ensure to collect: SSN, Any Aliases, Plus what you already have (Identity…)
Suspects
98
Levels of proof staircase
Beyond a reasonable doubt = Guilty in court conviction
Probable cause = Arrest / Search
Reasonable suspicion = Stop / Threshold Inquiry
Mere Suspicion = Observe / Follow / Voluntary Encounter
99
Patting of outer layer of clothing to feel for a weapon
Reasonable suspicion based on “specific and articulable facts” that a person is armed and dangerous
Frisk
100
Can approach citizens to talk/ask questions as long as they are free to leave
*Police cannot compel cooperation, or seize a person without justification (RS)
Voluntary Encounter
101
The Minimum level to stop/detail someone (ie seize someone)
Specific and articulable facts
Less than probably cause more than a hunch
Reasonable Suspicion
102
When police take possession of property, make an arrest, or restrict a person's ability to move freely.
Seizure
103
Observe unknown drug dealer
Person with criminal record
Hiding face from police
Youthful appearance in expensive vehicle
Mere flight from police
Mere presence in a high crime area
Report of a firearm (has to be a plus factor)
Not reasonable Suspicion: Factors standing alone
104
Can approach citizens to talk/ask questions as long as they feel they are free to leave
Police cannot compel cooperation or seize a person without legal justification
Voluntary Encounter
105
Is also known as "Investigative Stop"
Threshold Inquiry
106
What amount of time is permissible for a threshold inquiry?
A reasonable amount of time
107
The stop starts?
(Signal to submit to authority: verbal commands, blue lights, physical touch, blocking someones way, # of officers, taking ID, hand on gun, is the person free to leave?)
When the pursuit begins
108
Created to remedy violations of the 4th amendment.
Evidence obtained after an unlawful stop will be thrown out in court.
term used "Food of the poisonous tree"
Exclusionary Rule
109
Must have Reasonable Suspicion based on "specific and articulable facts" that a person is ARMED and DANGEROUS.
Stop & Frisk
110
Motor Vehicle Frisk
Extends to areas where the suspect realistically had, has or will have access to a weapon
It is critical that officers are able to articulate their fear when conducting a vehicle frisk
111
Reasonable suspicion
Of drug activity allows detentions of vehicle for k9 sniff
Dog altering to the presence of drugs rises to probable cause
Use of dogs requires reasonable suspicion of illegal firearm possession
Cannot be used for routine traffic stop
K-9 request
