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Science > Exam 4th Quarted > Flashcards

Exam 4th Quarted Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the source of all waves

A

Vibration

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1
Q

What is a wave

A

A transfer of energy without the transfer of mass

A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place

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2
Q

Where do waterwaves travel along

A

The surface

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3
Q

What is meant by the term, medium

A

The matter or substance through which a wave is transmitted

Waves travel through the medium in a straight line

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4
Q

What are mechanical waves

A

Waves that require a medium to travel

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5
Q

What are electromagnetic waves

A

Waves that do not require a medium to travel
They disturbed electric and magnetic fields (The seven forms of electromagnetic energy: Microwaves, ultraviolet, gamma rays, visible light, radio waves, infrared rays and x-rays

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6
Q

How are mechanical waves classified

A

By how they move

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7
Q

What are the two types of mechanical waves

A

Transverse and longitudinal

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8
Q

What are transverse waves

A

The motion of the medium is at right angles to the direction of the wave; Direction of the wave is perpendicular to the motion of the wave

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9
Q

Give at least one example of a transverse waves

A

Rope light electromagnetic waves

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10
Q

What is the crest of a wave

A

Highest point on a wave; The maximum displacement upward

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11
Q

What is the trough of a wave

A

Lowest point on it wave; The maximum displacement downward

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12
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

Consist of a series of compressions and rarefactions; The medium is parallel to the direction of a wave
The motion of the wave is parallel to the direction of the wave

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13
Q

What is an example of a longitudinal wave

A

Sound

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14
Q

What are the four characteristics that all waves have

A

Amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed

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15
Q

What is amplitude

A

The maximum distance that the particles of the medium carrying a wave move from the rest position
Tells you how much energy a wave has

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16
Q

What is wavelength

A

The distance between two consecutive wave crests or wave troughs measured in meters or centimeters uses the Greek symbol Lambda

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17
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of complete waves or cycles per-unit of time
1Hz= One cycle per second
1Hz = One wave/second

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18
Q

What unit is frequency measured in

A

Unit=Hz hertz

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19
Q

How do you calculate the speed of the wave

A

Speed = wavelength x frequency

Speed equals meters X hertz= m/sec

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20
Q

What is reflection

A

The interaction that a wave has when it bounces back from a hard surface

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21
Q

What is the law of reflection

A

This law states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

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22
Q

What is diffraction

A

Bending of waves around the edge of an obstacle or barrier; it bends and spreads out; a new series of waves forms; The amount of diffraction around an object depends upon the wavelength and size of the obstacle

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23
Q

What are the two kinds of interference

A

Constructive and destructive

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24
Q

What is constructive interference

A

Waves combine and the resulting wave is greater than either of the original waves alone; The amplitude of the new wave forms is the sum of both in the original waves amplitude; In general when to waves combine due to constructive interference, the amplitude increases

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25
Q

What is destructive interference

A

The crest of a one waves meet the troughs of another wave
The two waves combine in the amplitude is the difference of the two waves amplitude
The result is a smaller amplitude
Sometimes the waves cancel each other out and there’s no resulting wave at all

26
Q

What are the three common temperature scales

A

Fahrenheit scale, Celsius scale, Kelvin

27
Q

Freezing point of water is 32° and boiling point of water is 212°

A

Fahrenheit scale

28
Q

Freezing point of water is 0° and boiling point of water is 100°

A

Celsius scale

29
Q

Official SI not degrees freezing point of water is 273 and boiling point of water is 373

A

Kelvin

30
Q

Zero kelvins -273°C

A

Absolute zero

31
Q

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in matter

A

Temperature

32
Q

How is thermal energy-related to heat

A

Heat is thermal energy moving from a warmer objects a cooler object
He is a transfer of thermal energy
Thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in a substance
He is measured in joules like work

33
Q

What does having a high specific heat mean

A

A material with high specific heat can absorb l a great deal of thermal energy without a great change in it’s temperature

34
Q

What is the specific heat of water

A

4180 J/kgK

35
Q

Name the three forms of heat transfer

A

Conduction, convection, convection current, radiation

36
Q

The transfer of heat from one particle of matter to another without the movement of matter in direct contact metal spoon in hot pot soup Ironing clothes walking on hot sand

A

Conduction

37
Q

The transfer of heat by the movement of currents in a fluid heated air in a room ocean currents land breezes and see breezes

A

Convection

38
Q

The circular movement of particles of matter with different amounts of thermal energy

A

Convection current

39
Q

The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves

A

Radiation

40
Q

In what direction does heat move

A

When two objects have different temperatures, heat will flow from the warmer object to colder one

41
Q

How are conductors and insulators different

A

Conductors transfer thermal energy well metals, tile, or stone floors
Insulators do not transfer thermal energy well prevents flow of thermal energy air dress in layers, double pane windows

42
Q

Name the three states of matter

A

Solid liquid and gas

43
Q

What causes matter to change state

A

Matter changes state when thermal energy is either absorbed or released

44
Q

What happens to a substance when thermal energy increases

A

As thermal energy of matter increases, it’s particles spread out and the substance expands, thermal expansion

45
Q

What is energy

A

The ability to do work or cause change

46
Q

What is the energy unit

A

Joules

47
Q

What are the two basic kinds of energy

A

Kinetic and potential

48
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

The energy an object has due to its motion

49
Q

What is kinetic energy’s formula

A

Kinetic energy=0.5 X Mass X velocity2

50
Q

What is potential energy

A

Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object

51
Q

What is gravitational potential energy and its formula

A

The potential energy that is related to an object height
GPE= Weight X height
GPE= Newtons X meters
GPE= n-m or 1J

52
Q

Name the forms of energy associated with the particles of objects

A

Thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, electromagnetic

53
Q

Total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object a.k.a. heat

A

Thermal

54
Q

The energy of electric charges can be kinetic and potential

A

Electrical

55
Q

The energy that is stored in the chemical bonds between Atoms held together in compounds

A

Chemical

56
Q

Potential energy stored in the nucleus of atoms

A

Nuclear

57
Q

What is fusion

A

Combining of small nuclei to produce a larger nucleus

58
Q

What is fission

A

Splitting of particles in the nucleus

59
Q

The type of energy that travels in waves seven forms radio, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays

A

Electromagnetic

60
Q

What are Energy transformations

A

The change of one form of energy into another

61
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy

A

When one form of energy is transformed to another, no energy is destroyed in the process
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed

62
Q

What is Einstein’s theory of the relationship between matter and energy

A

Matter can be transformed into energy
A small amount of matter is destroyed to release a huge amount of energy
Matter and energy together are conserved
E=mc2
Nuclear fusion: Four hydrogen nuclei fuse together to become one helium Atom

Science (5 decks)

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