Exam 4th Quarted Flashcards
What is the source of all waves
Vibration
What is a wave
A transfer of energy without the transfer of mass
A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place
Where do waterwaves travel along
The surface
What is meant by the term, medium
The matter or substance through which a wave is transmitted
Waves travel through the medium in a straight line
What are mechanical waves
Waves that require a medium to travel
What are electromagnetic waves
Waves that do not require a medium to travel
They disturbed electric and magnetic fields (The seven forms of electromagnetic energy: Microwaves, ultraviolet, gamma rays, visible light, radio waves, infrared rays and x-rays
How are mechanical waves classified
By how they move
What are the two types of mechanical waves
Transverse and longitudinal
What are transverse waves
The motion of the medium is at right angles to the direction of the wave; Direction of the wave is perpendicular to the motion of the wave
Give at least one example of a transverse waves
Rope light electromagnetic waves
What is the crest of a wave
Highest point on a wave; The maximum displacement upward
What is the trough of a wave
Lowest point on it wave; The maximum displacement downward
What are longitudinal waves
Consist of a series of compressions and rarefactions; The medium is parallel to the direction of a wave
The motion of the wave is parallel to the direction of the wave
What is an example of a longitudinal wave
Sound
What are the four characteristics that all waves have
Amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed
What is amplitude
The maximum distance that the particles of the medium carrying a wave move from the rest position
Tells you how much energy a wave has
What is wavelength
The distance between two consecutive wave crests or wave troughs measured in meters or centimeters uses the Greek symbol Lambda
What is frequency
The number of complete waves or cycles per-unit of time
1Hz= One cycle per second
1Hz = One wave/second
What unit is frequency measured in
Unit=Hz hertz
How do you calculate the speed of the wave
Speed = wavelength x frequency
Speed equals meters X hertz= m/sec
What is reflection
The interaction that a wave has when it bounces back from a hard surface
What is the law of reflection
This law states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
What is diffraction
Bending of waves around the edge of an obstacle or barrier; it bends and spreads out; a new series of waves forms; The amount of diffraction around an object depends upon the wavelength and size of the obstacle
What are the two kinds of interference
Constructive and destructive
What is constructive interference
Waves combine and the resulting wave is greater than either of the original waves alone; The amplitude of the new wave forms is the sum of both in the original waves amplitude; In general when to waves combine due to constructive interference, the amplitude increases
What is destructive interference
The crest of a one waves meet the troughs of another wave
The two waves combine in the amplitude is the difference of the two waves amplitude
The result is a smaller amplitude
Sometimes the waves cancel each other out and there’s no resulting wave at all
What are the three common temperature scales
Fahrenheit scale, Celsius scale, Kelvin
Freezing point of water is 32° and boiling point of water is 212°
Fahrenheit scale
Freezing point of water is 0° and boiling point of water is 100°
Celsius scale
Official SI not degrees freezing point of water is 273 and boiling point of water is 373
Kelvin
Zero kelvins -273°C
Absolute zero
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in matter
Temperature
How is thermal energy-related to heat
Heat is thermal energy moving from a warmer objects a cooler object
He is a transfer of thermal energy
Thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in a substance
He is measured in joules like work
What does having a high specific heat mean
A material with high specific heat can absorb l a great deal of thermal energy without a great change in it’s temperature
What is the specific heat of water
4180 J/kgK
Name the three forms of heat transfer
Conduction, convection, convection current, radiation
The transfer of heat from one particle of matter to another without the movement of matter in direct contact metal spoon in hot pot soup Ironing clothes walking on hot sand
Conduction
The transfer of heat by the movement of currents in a fluid heated air in a room ocean currents land breezes and see breezes
Convection
The circular movement of particles of matter with different amounts of thermal energy
Convection current
The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves
Radiation
In what direction does heat move
When two objects have different temperatures, heat will flow from the warmer object to colder one
How are conductors and insulators different
Conductors transfer thermal energy well metals, tile, or stone floors
Insulators do not transfer thermal energy well prevents flow of thermal energy air dress in layers, double pane windows
Name the three states of matter
Solid liquid and gas
What causes matter to change state
Matter changes state when thermal energy is either absorbed or released
What happens to a substance when thermal energy increases
As thermal energy of matter increases, it’s particles spread out and the substance expands, thermal expansion
What is energy
The ability to do work or cause change
What is the energy unit
Joules
What are the two basic kinds of energy
Kinetic and potential
What is kinetic energy
The energy an object has due to its motion
What is kinetic energy’s formula
Kinetic energy=0.5 X Mass X velocity2
What is potential energy
Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
What is gravitational potential energy and its formula
The potential energy that is related to an object height
GPE= Weight X height
GPE= Newtons X meters
GPE= n-m or 1J
Name the forms of energy associated with the particles of objects
Thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, electromagnetic
Total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object a.k.a. heat
Thermal
The energy of electric charges can be kinetic and potential
Electrical
The energy that is stored in the chemical bonds between Atoms held together in compounds
Chemical
Potential energy stored in the nucleus of atoms
Nuclear
What is fusion
Combining of small nuclei to produce a larger nucleus
What is fission
Splitting of particles in the nucleus
The type of energy that travels in waves seven forms radio, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays
Electromagnetic
What are Energy transformations
The change of one form of energy into another
What is the law of conservation of energy
When one form of energy is transformed to another, no energy is destroyed in the process
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
What is Einstein’s theory of the relationship between matter and energy
Matter can be transformed into energy
A small amount of matter is destroyed to release a huge amount of energy
Matter and energy together are conserved
E=mc2
Nuclear fusion: Four hydrogen nuclei fuse together to become one helium Atom
