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Science > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The ability to do work and the ability to cause change

A

Energy

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1
Q

A force causes an object to move through distance

A

Work

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2
Q

What is the energy unit

A

Joules

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3
Q

The rate at which work is done
The rate at which energy is transferred
The amount of energy transferred in a unit of time

A

Power

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4
Q

What is the formula for power

A

Energy transferred divided by time

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5
Q

What is power in terms of energy

A

The rate of the transfer of energy is power

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6
Q

What are the two basic kinds of energy

A

Kinetic and potential

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7
Q

The energy that an object has due to its motion

A

Kinetic

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8
Q

What factors affect kinetic energy

A

The mass of the moving object and the velocity of a moving object

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9
Q

What is the kinetic energy formula

A

Kinetic energy=1/2 x mass x velocity2

Kinetic energy=0.5 x mass x velocity2

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10
Q

Which has a greater effect on an objects kinetic energy doubling its mass or doubling its velocity

A

Velocity has more of the effect because it is squared

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11
Q

Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object

A

Potential energy

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12
Q

What is gravitational potential energy and it’s formula

A

The potential energy that is related to an objects height
GPE equals wait times height
GPE equals newtons times meters
GPE equals N-m or 1J

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13
Q

What is elastic potential energy and give examples

A

The potential energy associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed
And archer pulling back the arrow and releasing to it’s target

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14
Q

What is the unit of mass

A

Kg

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15
Q

What is the unit of height

A

M

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16
Q

What is the unit of distance

A

M

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17
Q

What is the unit of weight

A

N

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18
Q

What is the unit of work

A

J

19
Q

What is the name of GPE

A

J

20
Q

What is the unit of KE

A

J

21
Q

The form of energy associated with the position of an object

A

Mechanical energy

22
Q

What is mechanical energy’s formula

A

Potential energy plus kinetic energy equals ME

23
Q

Name the forms of energy

A

Thermal energy electrical energy chemical energy nuclear energy electromagnetic energy

24
Q

Also called heat potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object

A

Thermal energy

25
Q

Give an example of thermal energy

A

Lava and melting ice cream

26
Q

The energy of electric charges depending on whether the charges are moving or stored blank can be a form of kinetic energy or potential energy

A

Electrical energy

27
Q

Give an example of electrical energy

A

Lightning

28
Q

Potential energy stored in the chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together

A

Chemical energy

29
Q

Give an example of chemical energy

A

Store in the fossil fuels oil coal etc. and the food you eat

When bonds in a chemical compounds break new chemical compounds may form

30
Q

Stored in the nucleus of an atom released during a nuclear reaction

A

Nuclear energy

31
Q

Give an example of nuclear energy

A

Nuclear fission occurs when a nucleus splits

Nuclear fusion combining of small nuclei hydrogen to produce a larger nucleus helium

32
Q

Travels in waves has some electrical properties and some magnetic properties

A

Electromagnetic energy

33
Q

Give examples of Electromagnetic energy

A

Radio microwaves infrared visible light ultraviolet x-rays gamma

34
Q

The change of one form of energy into another

A

Energy transformations

35
Q

How are different forms of energy related

A

Energy can change from one form to another

36
Q

Energy transformation in juggling

A

From potential to Kinetic and from kinetic to potential

37
Q

Energy transformation in a pendulum

A

From potential to kinetic and from kinetic to potential

38
Q

Energy transformation and a pole vault

A

Kinetic energy to elastic potential energy to gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy

39
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy

A

When one form of energy is transformed to another no energy is destroyed in the process energy cannot be created nor destroyed energy is conserved

40
Q

What affect does friction have on the transfer of energy

A

Friction causes some of an objects kinetic energy to be transformed into thermal energy if the object is moving its mechanical energy is transformed into thermal energy

41
Q

Einstein’s theory of the relationship between matter and energy

A

Matter can be transformed into energy
A small amount of matter is destroyed to release a huge amount of energy
Matter and energy together are conserved
E equals MC2

42
Q

What are fossil fuels

A

Fuel a material that is composed of stored potential energy
Fuels formed from the decayed the bodies of plants and animals millions of years ago
Coal petroleum natural gas

43
Q

What is the source of energy from fossil fuels

A

Sun

44
Q

What type of energy is released when fossil fuels burn

A

Chemical energy (potential) stored millions of years ago

45
Q

What is combustion

A

The process of burning fuel rapidly combined oxygen with the fuel
Chemical potential energy is transformed into thermal energy

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