Exam 4 review Flashcards
Pathogenicity is the ability..
of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host
What are the subunits of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
O-specific polysaccharide
Lipid A
Core Polysaccharide
Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes strains can produce _________ that cause the severe and sometimes life-threatening symptoms of toxic shock syndrome.
superantigen toxins
Decalcification of the tooth enamel is caused by
lactic acid
Tetanus toxin causes
muscles to be unable to relax
Exotoxins are _______, but endotoxins are _______.
proteins
lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein complexes
Salmonella species use _______ to facilitate attachment to gastrointestinal tissue.
Type I fimbriae
Capsules are particularly important for
protecting bacteria from host defense mechanisms
The decrease of loss of virulence of a pathogen is referred to as ___
attenuation
Which genus produces hyaluronidase?
Streptococcus
What are some examples of AB toxins?
Shiga-like toxin, Botulinum toxin, Tetanus toxinW
Which pathogens use capsules/slime layer for attachment?
Strep pneumonia, Bacillus anthracis
Which microbial group is most resistant to desiccation due to their cell wall?
gram +
The causative agent of strep pharyngitis, also known as “strep throat” is
Strep pyogenes
Impetigo is due to an infection caused by
Either staph aureus or staph pyogenes
Influenza A virus can be identified by what surface glycoproteins?
Both HA and NA
A frequent symptom of the common cold is
nasal discharge
The Spanish Flu of 1918 was caused by an _______ influenza virus.
H1N1
The CD4 molecule is
a cell-surface protein that allows HIV to infect a cell
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) is an antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It affects the synthesis of ______
mycolic acid
The single most important physical sign of primary syphillis is ______
the chancre
Tuberculoid Hansen’s Disease is caused by the pathogen ____
Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)
What is the most common AIDS-associated opportunistic disease?
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Erythromycin is applied to the eyes of newborns particularly to prevent _______
gonorrhea
What is true of tuberculosis?
The causative agent can remain dormant in macrophages
“Bloodborne hepatitis” is caused by infection with hepatitis _____ virus
B
Staph aureus produces __________, an enzyme that results in the accumulation of fibrin around the bacterial cells
coagulase
The most important potential common source of infectious disease is _______
water
Flour and sugar are classified as ______ foods
nonperishable
At approx what temp are most household freezers kept?
-20 Celsius
The principles behind salt/sugar preservation is to
reduce water activitiy (aw)
Pickling is a type of food preservation untilizing
weak acids
The Staph aureus toxins are
superantigen enterotoxins
Clostridium botulinum is a gram ________ rod that produces an __________
-positive endospore-forming/ exotoxin
Verotoxin can cause
hemorrhagic diarrhea
ETEC strains produce one -of two heat-_________ diarrhea producing __________
-labile
-entertoxins
Listeria monocytogenes is
acid-, cold, and salt- tolerant
The most common source of Escherichia spp food contaminated.
meat
Coliforms in a water sample indicate ________ contamination
fecal
Legionella pneumophila is generally transmitted by
contaminated water in coolers, pool, and domestic water systems
What is the medium used in the membrane filter(MF) procedure to differentiate fecal coliforms and E. coli?
Eosin-methylene blue agar (EMB)
