Exam 3 Review Flashcards
If ^G0 (free energy) is negative, the reaction is
exergonic and energy will be released
The change in free energy for a particular reaction is most useful in determining
whether there will be a requirement or production of energy
Activation energy is the energy
required for a chemical reaction
The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway is another name for
glycolysis
The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is
2
The portion of an enzyme to which substrates bind is referred to as the
active site
Which intermediate compound(s) in the citric acid cycle is/are often used for biosynthetic pathways as well as carbon catabolism?
a-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, and succinyl-CoA
Which metabolic strategy does NOT invoke the proton motive force for energy?
Fermentation
In the electron transport chain how many ATP molecules are produced from each NADH during respiration?
3
The Calvin cycle
-is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
-utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
-requires RuBisCO
When 12 G3P molecules are formed in the Calvin cycle how many ATPs and NADPH molecules are used?
18 and 12
The most important high-energy phosphate compound in living organisms is ___
ATP
Which 2 metabolic processes are most dissimilar?
Glycolysis and carbon fixation
Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its
carbon source
In photosynthesis, NADH and NADPH are produced from NAD+ and NADP+ by
reduction reactions
At some of the lowest light concentrations, _____ can still grow well due to their ______, which effectively harvest photons for energy.
green bacteria/ chlorosomes
Two separate photosystems involved in electron flow is a hallmark of
oxygenic phototrophs
The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the ______ scheme.
Z
The Calvin cycle
-uses CO2, NAD(P)H, and ATP to make biomass with RuBisCO
The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of
chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll
What reaction is classified as a heterofermentation?
Glucose lactate + ethanol + CO2 + H+
In Bacteria, the most common oxidized form of nitrogen is _______ and of sulfur is _______
nitrate/sulfate
What metabolism would be favored when there is a lack of electron acceptors?
Fermentation
The Calvin cycle provides autotrophs the ability to convert inorganic carbon into biomass and generate energy during this process.
False
Photosystem I is responsible for splitting a water molecule in the first step of oxygenic electron flow
False
Functional traits can be shared between organisms with divergent SSU rRNA gene sequences because
functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages
What form of photosynthesis evolved first on Earth?
anoxygenic
The only group of oxygenic phototrophic bacteria are the
Cyanobacteria
Which group of bacteria would you expect to find in a shallow clear hot spring with high concentrations of geochemically produced hydrogen sulfide?
purple sulfur bacteria
Considering the relationship between oxidizers and reducers, which of the following pairs of microorganisms are NOT likely to form close associations or consortia?
Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and dissimilative sulfate-reducers
Nitrogen fixation is
widespread among microorganisms
Purple sulfur bacteria are
gammaproteobacteria that use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor for photosynthesis
Diazotrophs maximize nitrogenase activity by
producing specialized structures for fixing N2 at times when oxygen is absent to protect nitrogenase from oxygen
Epibiotic predators
obtain nutrients by attaching to the surface of prey
Spirilla and spirochetes are closely related bacteria that exhibit a unique corkscrew motility.
False
