Exam 4 Review

Question 1

Where is the pineal gland located

Answer 1

Just above the thalamus

Question 2

Vagus nerve is associated with what nervous system

Answer 2

parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

Gray matter of the cerebrum forms what layers

Answer 3

surface layer (cortex) over cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 4

largest cranial nerve

Answer 4

V Trigenminal nerve

Question 5

Cells found in the neocortex

Answer 5

small pyramidal cells, stellate cells, large pyramidal cells

Question 6

most caudal part of the brainstem

Answer 6

medulla oblongata

Question 7

which stract helps communication between the cerebrum and midbrain

Answer 7

projection tracts (ex, Corticospinal tracts)

Question 8

An important center for autonomic control

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

Which system is a bridge between emotions and autonomic responses

Answer 9

limbic system

Question 10

no cranial nerves in what area of the brain

Answer 10

the cerebellum

Question 11

here is the pons located

Answer 11

in the brainstem

Question 12

why is 90% of cerebral cortex called the neocortex

Answer 12

it has relatively recent evolutionary origin

Question 13

damage to what nerve may affect near vision accomodation

Answer 13

optic??

Question 14

The regulator of most body functions

Answer 14

the hypothalamus??

Question 15

Define Broca’s area

Answer 15

usually in left hemisphere, generates motor program for the muscles of the larynx, tongue, cheeks, and lips for speaking and for hands when signing

Question 16

function of the occipital lobe

Answer 16

primary visual center of brain

Question 17

what separates the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 17

the longitudinal fissure

Question 18

the diencephalon gives rise to what structures

Answer 18

the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 19

Do sympathetic affects last longer or shorter than parasympathetic and why

Answer 19

they are reabsorbed in the bloodstream before finally degrading in the liver, so they last mines instead of sconds

Question 20

functions of superior colliculi

Answer 20

visual attention, tracking moving objects, and some reflexes

Question 21

Function of frontal lobe

Answer 21

voluntary motor functions, motivation, foresight, planning, memory, mood, emotion, social judgement, and aggression

Question 22

what’s found in the limbic system

Answer 22

hippocampus, amygdala

Question 23

fibers of the vagus nerve end where

Answer 23

the cardiac plexus

Question 24

destruction of the amygdala affects what

Answer 24

emotional memories (and decision making?)

Question 25

what is the reticular formation

Answer 25

network of nuclei; extends through medulla, pons, and midbrain. Contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers

Question 26

blood brain barrier is most permeable to what

Answer 26

water, glucose, and lipid-soluble substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, anesthetics

Question 27

lesion in the cerebellum would cause what

Answer 27

ataxia - clumsy, awkward gait

Question 28

cranial nerve innervating the thoracic area

Answer 28

vagus nerve

Question 29

what structures create the blood brain barrier

Answer 29

tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

Question 30

where is the arbor vitae found

Answer 30

branching white matter found in the cerebellum

Question 31

when would alpha brain waves be plentiful

Answer 31

awake and resting with eyes closed and mind wandering

Question 32

where is the third ventricle located

Answer 32

below the epithalamus

Question 33

know about meningitis

Answer 33

swelling of the meninges, affects mostly children who are too young to have the vaccine or who haven’t gotten it. Can be viral or bacterial. Virus is the preferrable option. It causes flu-like symptoms and intense headaches. Patients can be dead in hours after onset of symptoms

Question 34

know the meninges in order

Answer 34

dura mater (outermost)
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 35

injury to the reticular formation can result in what?

Answer 35

irreversible coma

Question 36

largest part of hindbrain

Answer 36

cerebellum

Question 37

a lesion at suprachiasmatic nucleus would result in what?

Answer 37

erratic wake/sleep cycles

Question 38

degeneration of neurons in what brain area is associated with parkinsons?

Answer 38

substantia nigra

Question 39

what occurs during REM sleep

Answer 39

eyes oscillate back and forth, also called paradoxical sleep because EEG resembles the waking state, sleeper is harder to arouse, vivid and long dreams, sleep paralysis is stronger, parasympathetic activation causes penile/clitoral erection and constriction of pupils

Question 40

name for CN VIII

Answer 40

vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 41

The trigeminal nerve is motor, sensory, or mixed?

Answer 41

Mixed. sensory for the face, motor fibers to chewing muscles. Largest cranial nerve

Question 42

he only CN to go below the head and neck

Answer 42

Vagus nerve

Question 43

the purpose of CN I

Answer 43

sensory for smell