Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Two articulations of glenoid cavity
Sternoclavicular and acromoclavicular
Sequence of bone fracture healing
Inflammatory, repairatory, remodeling
Communited fracture
Bone is broken in at least two places
Immediate threat to life for burn patients
Infection and fluid loss
Where is pituitary gland
Attached to hypothalamus (in skull, okay)
What covers surface of synovial joints
Articular cartilage
Define abduction vs adduction
AB = away
Ad= toward
Largest and most complex diarthrosis in body
The knee
Define a synostosis joint
Fusion of two bones
Least movable joints
Sutures
Function of PTH
Regulation of calcium levels
Most common spinal curvature deformity
Scoliosis
Define rickets and osteomalacia
Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children
Osteomalacia is in both adults and children
Where to find the a bifed spinous process
Cleft of spinous process
The three auditory ossicles
Malleous, incus, stapes
What is an achomdroplastic dwarf
Most common type of short limbed dwarfism
Most superficial skin layer
Epidermis. Most superficial layer of epidermis is stratum corneum
Define hirsutism
Excessive hair growth
What type of tissue is osseous tissue
Bone connective tissue
Processes of the axis vertebrae
The transverse and spinous
Tissue found in the most superficial layer of the skin
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is a bursa
Fluid filled sac often countering friction at a joint. (If you are hugging a workout ball and rolling around on it, you are patella, workout ball is bursa)
The proximal radioulnar joint is what type of joint
Pivot joint
Bones making up the antebrachium
Ulna and radius
ABCD rule
For skin cancer
Asymmetry, border, color, diameter
Where to find a symphysis joint
Body to body ex. Vertebra
Ca+ plays a role in what functions
Muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve conduction
What glands secrete the oil on your scalp
Sebaceous glands
What nome articulates with the acetabulum
Femur
Function of osteoblasts
Build bone
Average number of bones in human adults
206
The primary causes of differences in skin colors
The speed at which melanocytes synthesize melanin?? (Check later)
Name the types of synovial joints
Ball and socket, pivot, saddle, plane, condyloid, hinge,
Define hematoma
A bruise - a pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space, usually as a result of trauma
Where to find hyoid bone
In neck
Intrnrsmrois ossification produces what
Bones??? To fuse?? (Confirm)
Bones making up the palm of the hand
Metacarpals
Manubrium is part of what bone
The sternum
The largest intervertebral disks
L4 and L5
Meniscus is found where
Fibrocartilage between surface of some joints. Most notably the knee.
What are fontanelle
Babies soft spots on their heads. Between skull plates before they’ve fused.
What is a sesamoid bone
Embedded within muscles or tendon, close to joint
Layers of epidermis
Deep to superficial: Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Luciderm, Corneum. (Boys Say Girls Look Cute)
Deepens hop socket and stabilizes the joint
Labrum
What’s a 3rd degree burn
Deeper than skin, fries nerve tissue, skin is completely gone, body is at total risk
Bones upon which we sit
(she said ischial tuberosity????) Femur, ischium
Cause of osteoporosis
Low calcium, lack of osteoblasts, lack of estrogen (menopause). Genetics. Eating disorders.
What happens when disks herniate
When inside fluid gets pinched by going out of the inside part. Between vertebra. (WTF CONFIRM)
Define appositional growth
Bones growing in diameter
Cells largely responsible for skin color
Melanocytes
Most common none disease
Osteoporosis
What’s the lanugo coat
Hair that fetuses/newborns have
What are osteogenic cells
Stem cells in bone that help with bone repair
What stimulates the release of PTH
Low calcium levels
The most stable joint
Sutures
Hypoglycemia causes what
Calcium deficiencies in blood stream
What determines the range of motion in a joint
The type of joint (ball & socket etc)
When arrector muscles contract in humans this causes what
To stand up straight (arrector pili)
Know the weight bearing bones
Tibia,femur
What tissue primarily makes up the hypodermis
Adipose tissue
What makes up the cortex of a long bones diaphysis
The medullary cavity
Define pathological fractures
Bone broken because of disease
What is the epomychium
The cuticle
The cause of bone elongation
Cartilage turning into bone, aging, hormones
Who has more bones, adults or newborns
Newborns
What layer would a subcutaneous injection be done
Hypodermis (hence hypodermic needle)
Difference between male and female pelvis
Sacrum in females is much longer. Pelvic inlet is wide and rounded in females.
Ligaments of shoulder
Acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular inferior GHL etc I gotta look these up
Baby being born passes through
Pelvic outlet
The acromion is found where
Scapula
Define Wolff’s law
Bone becomes stronger to adapt to heavier load
What bone cell has the most lysosomes
White blood cells
Define inversion vs eversion
Inversion is in, eversion is out
What’s is resorption
Absorption of cells or tissue into the circulatory system
A hole in a bone is called what
A foramen
Most moveable joint
Ball and socket (hip)
Define mole
Benign growth on the skin formed by a cluster of melanocytes
Least common but most deadly skin cancer
Melanoma
Define arthrology
Study of joints
Bones of the pectoral girdle
Clavicle and scapula
Most lateral bone of forearm
Radius
Define sutures
An immovable junction between two bones (skull)
Classification of burns
1st: superficial layer
2nd: blisters
3rd: skin is gone
What layer does a second degree burn involve
The dermis
When a child gets a break, breaking which part will cause the bone to not grow anymore?
Epiphyseal plate
