Exam 4 - Rabies Flashcards
Rabies means:
“to do violence” or “to rave”
Rabies affects _________
the CNS
Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux determined _____________________
rabies agent was found in the brain, CNS
Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed a vaccine from ____________________ that was _____________________
dried spinal cords from rabid animals; passed through different animal species
Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux tested their vaccine on _________
dogs
Rabies is a disease of ____________
mammals
Rabies is found __________________
in all continents except Antartica
Rabies most common animal reservoirs
bats and racoons
what methods have wildlife service programs used to control rabies?
- dFA (direct Fluorescent Antibody) testing postmortem
- vaccination in domestic and wild dogs
global reservoir of human rabies
dogs
2 most common modes of transmission of rabies
- direct contact with saliva or brain/nervous system tissue
- bite from rabid animal
rabies is noninfectious when ___________________________
dry and exposed to sunlight
Rabies incubation period is _______________ and course of disease is ______________
5 days to several years but, usually 2-3 months; 2-14 days before coma
rabies symptoms during prodromal period:
headache, malaise, fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
death from rabies occurs ~___ days after onset of symptoms
18
secondary symptoms - furious rabies
most often in wildlife with predators
- hydrophobia
- agitation
- hypersalivation
- bizarre behavior
- biting
secondary symptoms - paralytic rabies
most often in wildlife with prey species
- weakness
- ascending paralysis
cellular pathogenesis of rabies
- virus enters body through a bite
- replicates in local muscle tissue
- travels along PNS to CNS
- replicates rapidly in CNS
- spreads to salivary glands where it can be shed in saliva
rabies classification
- Rhabdoviridae family
- Lyssavirus family
- nonsegmented, -ssRNA
- enveloped
- bullet-shaped virion
5 rabies virus genes
N - nucleocapsid
P - phosphoprotein
M - matrix protein
G - glycoprotein
L - polyprotein
Rabies replication cycle
- Receptor binding - nAchR
- Attachment - presynaptic neuron
- Endocytosis
- Axonal transport
- Fusion - low pH-dependent
- L polymerase - transc. of each viral gene RNA, start-stop model
- Translation - free ribosomes (N, P, M, L mRNAs) & rough ER (G mRNAs)
- Synthesis - antigome & genomic RNAs
- Budding - through host cell plasma memb.
replication of rabies in neurons allows
escape from immune surveillance
rabies inhibits type ___ and ___ _______________
1 and 2 INF responses
IgM is detected after
onset of neurological symptoms
