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Dual Credit Govt > Exam 4 Quiz Questions Review > Flashcards

Exam 4 Quiz Questions Review Flashcards

Dale - Just got Quiz 17

1
Q

What is an income qualification program that determines whether one is eligible for benefits under government programs reserved for lower-income groups called?

A

A means test

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2
Q

What type of politics are consumer and environmental protection laws considered to be?

A

Entrepreneurial Politics

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3
Q

What is the main reason for the American divide over global warming and climate change?

A

Many prominent Republicans have questioned global warming

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4
Q

Which federal health insurance program covers U.S. residents aged sixty-five and older and is paid for by a tax on wages and salaries?

A

Medicare

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5
Q

Medicare became a cornerstone of what program promoted by Lyndon Johnson?

A

The Great Society

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6
Q

Who was the author of The Jungle, which dramatized the frightful conditions in meat-packing plants in the early 1900s and helped pave the way for the Meat Inspection Act of 1906?

A

Upton Sinclair

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7
Q

What book raised public awareness about the pesticide DDT?

A

Silent Spring

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8
Q

What made the passage of the Medicare bill possible?

A

A Democratic landslide in the 1964 elections

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9
Q

Welfare policies in which relatively few people benefit but almost everyone pays are characterized by which kind of politics?

A

Client Politics

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10
Q

What president created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

A

Richard Nixon

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11
Q

In a 2020 study by the Pew Research Center, what percentage of Republicans and Democrats said the environment should be a top priority for the president and Congress?

A

85% of Democrats and 39% of Republicans

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12
Q

What body adjudicates disputes between labor and management over the interpretation of labor laws?

A

The National Labor Relations Board

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13
Q

Which organizations have the primary responsibility of implementing the Endangered Species Act of 1973?

A

The Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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14
Q

What is the shared federal and state health insurance program for low-income individuals called?

A

Medicaid

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15
Q

What type of politics is best illustrated by automobile emission control regulations?

A

Majoritarian Politics

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16
Q

The Constitution calls for the government to “promote the general Welfare” and “provide for the … general Welfare” in what two sections of the document?

A

Preamble, Article 1 Section 8

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17
Q

What type of politics tends to discourage any truly far-reaching reforms in American domestic policy?

A

Majoritarian Politics

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18
Q

Agriculture subsidies are an example of what type of politics?

A

Client Politics

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19
Q

Welfare policies in which nearly everyone benefits and nearly everyone pays are characterized by which kind of politics?

A

Majoritarian Politics

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20
Q

Under which circumstances do regulatory agencies tend to be more powerful?

A

When the laws are vaguely worded

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21
Q

What are the three primary domestic policy domains?

A
  1. Social Welfare
  2. Business Regulation
  3. Environmental Protection
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22
Q

In part, what did the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act do?

A

Made illegal certain union practices, such as closed shop and secondary boycotts

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23
Q

What policy entrepreneur’s book Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile led to new regulations on the safety of automobiles?

A

Ralph Nader

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24
Q

Which of the following descriptions of Medicaid is accurate?

A

It is a joint state-federal program that provides medical care for the poor

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25
Q

In what landmark case did the Supreme Court rule that Congress has broad discretion to tax and spend “in the aid of the ‘general welfare’”?

A

Helvering v. Davis

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26
Q

What are the two main federal bureaucracies responsible for social welfare policies and programs?

A
  1. U.S Department of Health and Human Services
  2. U.S Department of Veterans’ Affairs
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27
Q

What group was the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program created to help?

A

The children of women whose husbands had perished in disasters

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28
Q

Much of the antitrust legislation passed in this country has been the result of what type of politics?

A

Majoritarian Politics

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29
Q

How is Medicaid different from Medicare?

A

It provides medical assistance to the poor

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30
Q

Which of the following programs is the federal health care program that covers U.S. residents over the age of sixty-five?

A

Medicare

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31
Q

On the subject of social welfare, a key difference between Americans and the citizens of many European democracies is that Americans are more worried about what issue?

A

Whether beneficiaries of government air “deserve” it

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32
Q

What type of politics is best illustrated by the acid rain controversy?

A

Interest group politics

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33
Q

Which of the following statements is true about domestic policy once it has been put in place?

A

Political support for keeping it can come together more strongly than proposals to change it

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34
Q

The environmental movement was launched, in part, in reaction to what event?

A

An oil spill on the beaches of Santa Barbara, California

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35
Q

What factor primarily determines the nature and degree of federal antitrust enforcement efforts?

A

The political ideology of the administration in power

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36
Q

What is the biggest problem facing majoritarian welfare and social aid programs?

A

Cost

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37
Q

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that EPA policies must be observed without regard to their cost or technological feasibility?

A

Union Electric Co. v. Environmental Protection Agency

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38
Q

Which of the following entities is responsible for the Medicaid program?

A

The federal government and the states share responsibility.

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39
Q

What program involves a cash subsidy to poor working families?

A

the Earned Income Tax Credit

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40
Q

What did the 2018 First Step Act do, in part?

A

Shortened prison sentences

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41
Q

What is the formal name for the 2010 law that seeks to ensure health care insurance for American citizens?

A

The Affordable Care Act

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42
Q

Laws protecting endangered species are examples of what kind of politics?

A

Entrepreneurial politics

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43
Q

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that states should comply with EPA decisions, even if not explicitly authorized by statute, provided they are reasonable efforts to attain the goal of the law?

A

Chevron v. National Resources Defense Council

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44
Q

How does environmental policy making in the United States compare with that in European countries?

A

It tends to be more adversal

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45
Q

What is the name given to four federal laws passed in the late 1990s specifying the conditions under which nonprofit religious organizations could compete to administer certain social service delivery and welfare programs?

A

Charitable Choice

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46
Q

When the federal government addresses issues such as poverty and health care, it is concerned with which of the following types of policy?

A

Domestic

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47
Q

Which of the following statements is true about domestic policy once it has been put in place?

A

Political support for keeping it can come together more strongly than proposals to change it.

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48
Q

Before the 1960s, most citizens and most lawmakers thought which of the following issues was the concern of the Federal government?

A

A strong, standing military, controlled by civil authority

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49
Q

What was one notable difference between the passage of Medicare (1965) and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)?

A

The lack of bipartisan support for the 2010 act

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50
Q

Before the creation of the federal income tax, most of the money the government needed came from which source?

A

Tariffs

51
Q

What happened when Congress first created a peacetime income tax in 1895?

A

The Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional

52
Q

What are the dates of a federal fiscal year?

A

October 1 to September 30 of the following year

53
Q

Which presidential adviser provides estimates of government revenues and recommends tax changes?

A

Secretary of Treasury

54
Q

Which statement best describes the tax burden in the United States?

A

It is lower than that of most other Democratic nations

55
Q

When voting on economic issues, how do most voters behave?

A

They consider the economic well-being of the entire nation

56
Q

The average citizen paid very little in income taxes until when?

A

World War II

57
Q

Which of the following descriptions best fits the Federal Reserve

A

A source of economic decision-making power in the US government largely independent of the three branches of government

58
Q

To what does prior restraint refer?

A

The restraint of an activity, such as expression, before that activity has actually occurred

59
Q

When adopted, the Bill of Rights imposed limits on what level of government?

A

the national government

60
Q

If the government cuts taxes to encourage people to spend more money to stimulate economic growth, what policy is it engaging in?

A

Fiscal policy

61
Q

Which of the following terms is used for certain types of nonverbal activities, such as flag burning, ruled as protected by the Supreme Court under the First Amendment?

A

symbolic speech or expression

62
Q

What is true of the problems with civil liberties?

A

They often involve competing constitutional interests.

63
Q

In normal economic times, which economic theory argues that the proper thing for the government to do is to have a steady, predictable increase in the money supply at a rate about equal to the growth in the economy’s productivity?

A

Monetarist economics

64
Q

Over time, the Supreme Court has used which of the following provisions of the Constitution to apply the specifics of the Bill of Rights to the states?

A

the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause

65
Q

Tax loopholes are a quintessential example of what type of politics

A

Client politics

66
Q

Which of the following rights are criminals ensured to have by the state according to Gideon v. Wainwright?

A

counsel

67
Q

Which of the following programs would be an example of an entitlement program?

A

Medicare

68
Q

Which of the following programs is an example of an entitlement program?

A

Social security

69
Q

The health of the American economy creates what kind of politics?

A

Majoritarian politics

70
Q

To what does the term sequester refer?

A

Automatic, across-the-board percentage cuts in the budget

71
Q

What contributed to the success of loophole politics prior to the passage of the 1986 tax bill?

A

The decentralized structure of Congress

72
Q

Since 1992, the constitutionality of having a member of the clergy offer a prayer or an invocation at a public school graduation ceremony has been deemed:

A

unconstitutional.

73
Q

Where can the historical reference to a “wall of separation” between religion and the state be found?

A

The writings of Thomas Jefferson

74
Q

Which 1868 amendment’s passage allowed the potential for the application of the Bill of Rights to the states, which adds several restrictions on what the states can do?

A

the Fourteenth Amendment

75
Q

Typically, which economic advisers has the closest link to the financial community?

A

Secretary of Treasury

76
Q

In which decision did the Supreme Court rule that persons charged with a crime have a right to an attorney even if they cannot afford one?

A

Gideon v. Wainwright

77
Q

How is the president of the United States selected?

A

By the Electoral College

78
Q

In 1833, the Supreme Court decided the Bill of Rights applied to which level of government?

A

the federal government only

79
Q

Which statement is accurate about the War Powers Act of 1973?

A

It was passed over a presidential veto.

80
Q

Which of the following statements is true of the Department of Defense?

A

It was created to gather all military activities under one department.

81
Q

In which foreign military situation did the president fail to benefit from the “rally ‘round the flag” effect?

A

Bill Clinton, when he sent troops to Bosnia

82
Q

U.S. tariffs on Japanese steel imports would be an example of what kind of politics?

A

interest group politics

83
Q

How does Edward Corwin describe the Constitution’s treatment of the authority of the president and Congress in foreign affairs?

A

As an invitation to struggle

84
Q

In which decision did the Supreme Court rule that sending Japanese Americans to relocation centers during World War II was based on an acceptable military justification?

A

Korematsu v. United States

85
Q

On which issue are the American public and foreign policy leaders most divided?

A

Expanding economic aid to other countries

86
Q

George Kennan espoused what worldview?

A

containment

87
Q

What is the role of the president’s national security adviser and the National Security Council (NSC)?

A

They help the president coordinate the foreign policy bureaucracy.

88
Q

Which president ordered the military to move Japanese Americans from their homes on the West Coast to “relocation centers”?

A

Franklin Roosevelt

89
Q

Who delivered the famous 1946 “iron curtain” speech that summarized Soviet policy in Eastern Europe?

A

Winston Churchill

90
Q

Which statement is accurate about the War Powers Act of 1973?

A

It was passed over a presidential veto.

91
Q

In which entity is the constitutional power to declare war and to regulate commerce with other nations vested?

A

Congress

92
Q

The Cold War was an ideological, political, and economic confrontation between which of the following two powers?

A

the United States and the Soviet Union

93
Q

What must be proved for a public figure to obtain a damage award under libel laws?

A

That the statement in question contained a reckless disregard for the truth

94
Q

Why did the Supreme Court demand that the evidence obtained in Mapp v. Ohio be excluded from the trial?

A

Police had not obtained a search warrant.

95
Q

In a 1947 decision, the Supreme Court allowed a New Jersey town to fund busing to a parochial school because:

A

busing was religiously neutral.

96
Q

As what is a judge’s order authorizing a search known?

A

a search warrant

97
Q

The clear and present danger test emerged in the Supreme Court’s decision in which case?

A

Schenck v. United States

98
Q

Cruel and unusual punishment is prohibited by which of the following provisions?

A

the Eighth Amendment

99
Q

Which of the following statements is true for a person treating the U.S. flag contemptuously?

A

They are protected by the right to exercise free speech.

100
Q

The Patriot Act allowed what constitutionally questionable law enforcement technique to combat terrorists?

A

Using roving wiretaps to track communication on all types of electronic devices

101
Q

What does the establishment clause of the First Amendment do?

A

It prohibits the government from sponsoring or supporting religious activity.

102
Q

As what is the requirement that persons under arrest be informed of their legal rights, including right to counsel, known?

A

the Miranda rule

103
Q

The Bush administration placed those who were captured in Afghanistan and detained on military bases at Guantánamo Bay under which of the following classifications?

A

unlawful combatants

104
Q

The Supreme Court denied the Hazelwood High School student newspaper the right to print certain stories based on what logic?

A

The exercise of free expression by students cannot impede the educational mission of the school.

105
Q

What does it mean for a tax to be progressive

A

The wealthiest individuals pay the highest marginal rate

106
Q

In America, the bottom half of earners pay about how much of the total income taxes collected by the government?

A

About 3 percent

107
Q

During a presidential election, how are people who think their own economic circumstances have deteriorated likely to vote?

A

Against the incumbent

108
Q

When voting behavior and economic conditions correlate at the national level but not at the individual level, what kind of voting behavior is taking place?

A

Sociotropic, or other-regarding

109
Q

By what did the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 require that all increases in nonmandatory spending be followed?

A

A decrease in spending on other discretionary programs or an increase in taxes

110
Q

When there is an economic downturn, which economic theory argues that the government should pump money into the economy by spending more than it collects in taxes

A

Keynesian economics

111
Q

Why did Congress pass the Gramm-Rudman Act?

A

To eliminate deficit spending

112
Q

What is the name of the total value of all a nation’s goods and services produced each year?

A

Gross domestic product (GDP)

113
Q

When do Americans generally support higher taxes?

A

When they are paid by someone else

114
Q

Which behavior does the public opinion strongly encourage in American elected officials?

A

Deficit spending

115
Q

What did the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 focus on limiting?

A

Discretionary spending

116
Q

Which of the following programs provides benefits to which every eligible person has a legal right and which the government cannot deny?

A

Entitlements

117
Q
A
118
Q

Which executive agency oversees economic forecasting and the preparation of the president’s annual economic report to Congress?

A

Council of Economic Advisers

119
Q

What is the main reason behind the increased demand for Social Security benefits and medical payments under Medicare?

A

The population is growing older

120
Q

What are government expenditures that exceed receipts?

A

Deficits

121
Q

In which important decision did the Supreme Court rule that the president does not have the authority to seize private steel mills, even during wartime?

A

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer

122
Q

Controlling US monetary policy is the responsibility of who?

A

Federal Reserve Board

123
Q

The economist John Maynard Keynes would insist that there is no need for the government to take what action?

A

Balancing the budget on a year-to-year basis

Dual Credit Govt (5 decks)

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