Exam 4 Quiz Questions Review Flashcards
Dale - Just got Quiz 17
What is an income qualification program that determines whether one is eligible for benefits under government programs reserved for lower-income groups called?
A means test
What type of politics are consumer and environmental protection laws considered to be?
Entrepreneurial Politics
What is the main reason for the American divide over global warming and climate change?
Many prominent Republicans have questioned global warming
Which federal health insurance program covers U.S. residents aged sixty-five and older and is paid for by a tax on wages and salaries?
Medicare
Medicare became a cornerstone of what program promoted by Lyndon Johnson?
The Great Society
Who was the author of The Jungle, which dramatized the frightful conditions in meat-packing plants in the early 1900s and helped pave the way for the Meat Inspection Act of 1906?
Upton Sinclair
What book raised public awareness about the pesticide DDT?
Silent Spring
What made the passage of the Medicare bill possible?
A Democratic landslide in the 1964 elections
Welfare policies in which relatively few people benefit but almost everyone pays are characterized by which kind of politics?
Client Politics
What president created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?
Richard Nixon
In a 2020 study by the Pew Research Center, what percentage of Republicans and Democrats said the environment should be a top priority for the president and Congress?
85% of Democrats and 39% of Republicans
What body adjudicates disputes between labor and management over the interpretation of labor laws?
The National Labor Relations Board
Which organizations have the primary responsibility of implementing the Endangered Species Act of 1973?
The Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
What is the shared federal and state health insurance program for low-income individuals called?
Medicaid
What type of politics is best illustrated by automobile emission control regulations?
Majoritarian Politics
The Constitution calls for the government to “promote the general Welfare” and “provide for the … general Welfare” in what two sections of the document?
Preamble, Article 1 Section 8
What type of politics tends to discourage any truly far-reaching reforms in American domestic policy?
Majoritarian Politics
Agriculture subsidies are an example of what type of politics?
Client Politics
Welfare policies in which nearly everyone benefits and nearly everyone pays are characterized by which kind of politics?
Majoritarian Politics
Under which circumstances do regulatory agencies tend to be more powerful?
When the laws are vaguely worded
What are the three primary domestic policy domains?
- Social Welfare
- Business Regulation
- Environmental Protection
In part, what did the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act do?
Made illegal certain union practices, such as closed shop and secondary boycotts
What policy entrepreneur’s book Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile led to new regulations on the safety of automobiles?
Ralph Nader
Which of the following descriptions of Medicaid is accurate?
It is a joint state-federal program that provides medical care for the poor
In what landmark case did the Supreme Court rule that Congress has broad discretion to tax and spend “in the aid of the ‘general welfare’”?
Helvering v. Davis
What are the two main federal bureaucracies responsible for social welfare policies and programs?
- U.S Department of Health and Human Services
- U.S Department of Veterans’ Affairs
What group was the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program created to help?
The children of women whose husbands had perished in disasters
Much of the antitrust legislation passed in this country has been the result of what type of politics?
Majoritarian Politics
How is Medicaid different from Medicare?
It provides medical assistance to the poor
Which of the following programs is the federal health care program that covers U.S. residents over the age of sixty-five?
Medicare
On the subject of social welfare, a key difference between Americans and the citizens of many European democracies is that Americans are more worried about what issue?
Whether beneficiaries of government air “deserve” it
What type of politics is best illustrated by the acid rain controversy?
Interest group politics
Which of the following statements is true about domestic policy once it has been put in place?
Political support for keeping it can come together more strongly than proposals to change it
The environmental movement was launched, in part, in reaction to what event?
An oil spill on the beaches of Santa Barbara, California
What factor primarily determines the nature and degree of federal antitrust enforcement efforts?
The political ideology of the administration in power
What is the biggest problem facing majoritarian welfare and social aid programs?
Cost
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that EPA policies must be observed without regard to their cost or technological feasibility?
Union Electric Co. v. Environmental Protection Agency
Which of the following entities is responsible for the Medicaid program?
The federal government and the states share responsibility.
What program involves a cash subsidy to poor working families?
the Earned Income Tax Credit
What did the 2018 First Step Act do, in part?
Shortened prison sentences
What is the formal name for the 2010 law that seeks to ensure health care insurance for American citizens?
The Affordable Care Act
Laws protecting endangered species are examples of what kind of politics?
Entrepreneurial politics
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that states should comply with EPA decisions, even if not explicitly authorized by statute, provided they are reasonable efforts to attain the goal of the law?
Chevron v. National Resources Defense Council
How does environmental policy making in the United States compare with that in European countries?
It tends to be more adversal
What is the name given to four federal laws passed in the late 1990s specifying the conditions under which nonprofit religious organizations could compete to administer certain social service delivery and welfare programs?
Charitable Choice
When the federal government addresses issues such as poverty and health care, it is concerned with which of the following types of policy?
Domestic
Which of the following statements is true about domestic policy once it has been put in place?
Political support for keeping it can come together more strongly than proposals to change it.
Before the 1960s, most citizens and most lawmakers thought which of the following issues was the concern of the Federal government?
A strong, standing military, controlled by civil authority
What was one notable difference between the passage of Medicare (1965) and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)?
The lack of bipartisan support for the 2010 act
Before the creation of the federal income tax, most of the money the government needed came from which source?
Tariffs
What happened when Congress first created a peacetime income tax in 1895?
The Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional
What are the dates of a federal fiscal year?
October 1 to September 30 of the following year
Which presidential adviser provides estimates of government revenues and recommends tax changes?
Secretary of Treasury
Which statement best describes the tax burden in the United States?
It is lower than that of most other Democratic nations
When voting on economic issues, how do most voters behave?
They consider the economic well-being of the entire nation
The average citizen paid very little in income taxes until when?
World War II
Which of the following descriptions best fits the Federal Reserve
A source of economic decision-making power in the US government largely independent of the three branches of government
To what does prior restraint refer?
The restraint of an activity, such as expression, before that activity has actually occurred
When adopted, the Bill of Rights imposed limits on what level of government?
the national government
If the government cuts taxes to encourage people to spend more money to stimulate economic growth, what policy is it engaging in?
Fiscal policy
Which of the following terms is used for certain types of nonverbal activities, such as flag burning, ruled as protected by the Supreme Court under the First Amendment?
symbolic speech or expression
What is true of the problems with civil liberties?
They often involve competing constitutional interests.
In normal economic times, which economic theory argues that the proper thing for the government to do is to have a steady, predictable increase in the money supply at a rate about equal to the growth in the economy’s productivity?
Monetarist economics
Over time, the Supreme Court has used which of the following provisions of the Constitution to apply the specifics of the Bill of Rights to the states?
the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause
Tax loopholes are a quintessential example of what type of politics
Client politics
Which of the following rights are criminals ensured to have by the state according to Gideon v. Wainwright?
counsel
Which of the following programs would be an example of an entitlement program?
Medicare
Which of the following programs is an example of an entitlement program?
Social security
The health of the American economy creates what kind of politics?
Majoritarian politics
To what does the term sequester refer?
Automatic, across-the-board percentage cuts in the budget
What contributed to the success of loophole politics prior to the passage of the 1986 tax bill?
The decentralized structure of Congress
Since 1992, the constitutionality of having a member of the clergy offer a prayer or an invocation at a public school graduation ceremony has been deemed:
unconstitutional.
Where can the historical reference to a “wall of separation” between religion and the state be found?
The writings of Thomas Jefferson
Which 1868 amendment’s passage allowed the potential for the application of the Bill of Rights to the states, which adds several restrictions on what the states can do?
the Fourteenth Amendment
Typically, which economic advisers has the closest link to the financial community?
Secretary of Treasury
In which decision did the Supreme Court rule that persons charged with a crime have a right to an attorney even if they cannot afford one?
Gideon v. Wainwright
How is the president of the United States selected?
By the Electoral College
In 1833, the Supreme Court decided the Bill of Rights applied to which level of government?
the federal government only
Which statement is accurate about the War Powers Act of 1973?
It was passed over a presidential veto.
Which of the following statements is true of the Department of Defense?
It was created to gather all military activities under one department.
In which foreign military situation did the president fail to benefit from the “rally ‘round the flag” effect?
Bill Clinton, when he sent troops to Bosnia
U.S. tariffs on Japanese steel imports would be an example of what kind of politics?
interest group politics
How does Edward Corwin describe the Constitution’s treatment of the authority of the president and Congress in foreign affairs?
As an invitation to struggle
In which decision did the Supreme Court rule that sending Japanese Americans to relocation centers during World War II was based on an acceptable military justification?
Korematsu v. United States
On which issue are the American public and foreign policy leaders most divided?
Expanding economic aid to other countries
George Kennan espoused what worldview?
containment
What is the role of the president’s national security adviser and the National Security Council (NSC)?
They help the president coordinate the foreign policy bureaucracy.
Which president ordered the military to move Japanese Americans from their homes on the West Coast to “relocation centers”?
Franklin Roosevelt
Who delivered the famous 1946 “iron curtain” speech that summarized Soviet policy in Eastern Europe?
Winston Churchill
Which statement is accurate about the War Powers Act of 1973?
It was passed over a presidential veto.
In which entity is the constitutional power to declare war and to regulate commerce with other nations vested?
Congress
The Cold War was an ideological, political, and economic confrontation between which of the following two powers?
the United States and the Soviet Union
What must be proved for a public figure to obtain a damage award under libel laws?
That the statement in question contained a reckless disregard for the truth
Why did the Supreme Court demand that the evidence obtained in Mapp v. Ohio be excluded from the trial?
Police had not obtained a search warrant.
In a 1947 decision, the Supreme Court allowed a New Jersey town to fund busing to a parochial school because:
busing was religiously neutral.
As what is a judge’s order authorizing a search known?
a search warrant
The clear and present danger test emerged in the Supreme Court’s decision in which case?
Schenck v. United States
Cruel and unusual punishment is prohibited by which of the following provisions?
the Eighth Amendment
Which of the following statements is true for a person treating the U.S. flag contemptuously?
They are protected by the right to exercise free speech.
The Patriot Act allowed what constitutionally questionable law enforcement technique to combat terrorists?
Using roving wiretaps to track communication on all types of electronic devices
What does the establishment clause of the First Amendment do?
It prohibits the government from sponsoring or supporting religious activity.
As what is the requirement that persons under arrest be informed of their legal rights, including right to counsel, known?
the Miranda rule
The Bush administration placed those who were captured in Afghanistan and detained on military bases at Guantánamo Bay under which of the following classifications?
unlawful combatants
The Supreme Court denied the Hazelwood High School student newspaper the right to print certain stories based on what logic?
The exercise of free expression by students cannot impede the educational mission of the school.
What does it mean for a tax to be progressive
The wealthiest individuals pay the highest marginal rate
In America, the bottom half of earners pay about how much of the total income taxes collected by the government?
About 3 percent
During a presidential election, how are people who think their own economic circumstances have deteriorated likely to vote?
Against the incumbent
When voting behavior and economic conditions correlate at the national level but not at the individual level, what kind of voting behavior is taking place?
Sociotropic, or other-regarding
By what did the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 require that all increases in nonmandatory spending be followed?
A decrease in spending on other discretionary programs or an increase in taxes
When there is an economic downturn, which economic theory argues that the government should pump money into the economy by spending more than it collects in taxes
Keynesian economics
Why did Congress pass the Gramm-Rudman Act?
To eliminate deficit spending
What is the name of the total value of all a nation’s goods and services produced each year?
Gross domestic product (GDP)
When do Americans generally support higher taxes?
When they are paid by someone else
Which behavior does the public opinion strongly encourage in American elected officials?
Deficit spending
What did the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 focus on limiting?
Discretionary spending
Which of the following programs provides benefits to which every eligible person has a legal right and which the government cannot deny?
Entitlements
Which executive agency oversees economic forecasting and the preparation of the president’s annual economic report to Congress?
Council of Economic Advisers
What is the main reason behind the increased demand for Social Security benefits and medical payments under Medicare?
The population is growing older
What are government expenditures that exceed receipts?
Deficits
In which important decision did the Supreme Court rule that the president does not have the authority to seize private steel mills, even during wartime?
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
Controlling US monetary policy is the responsibility of who?
Federal Reserve Board
The economist John Maynard Keynes would insist that there is no need for the government to take what action?
Balancing the budget on a year-to-year basis
