Exam 4 -- Quiz 1

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

set of forces that initiate, direct, and make people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

Question 2

what goes in to performance

Answer 2

effort, initiation, direction, and persistence

Question 3

job performance

Answer 3

how well an individual performs the job requirements

Question 4

what is job performance determines by

Answer 4

motivation, ability, and situational constraints

Question 5

lower-order needs

Answer 5

concerned with safety and physiological and existence

Question 6

examples of lower-order needs

Answer 6

food, shelter, security

Question 7

higher-order needs

Answer 7

concerned with relationships, challenges, and accomplishments and in influence

Question 8

“need” satisfaction

Answer 8

physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well-being

Question 9

kinds of rewards

Answer 9

extrinsic, intrinsic

Question 10

extrinsic reward

Answer 10

tangible ( such as financial) reward that is visible to others and is given to employees, contingent on the performance of specific tasks or behaviors

Question 11

intrinsic reward

Answer 11

natural ( psychological) reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake

Question 12

equity theory

Answer 12

people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly

Question 13

inputs of equity theory

Answer 13

contribution made to the firm

Question 14

outcomes of equity theory

Answer 14

rewards received for contributions

Question 15

referents of equity theory

Answer 15

others with whom people compare themselves to ascertain if they have been treated fairly

Question 16

outcome/input ratio for equity theory

Answer 16

employee’s perception of how the outcomes (rewards) received from an organization compare with the employee’s input ( contributions) to that organization

Question 17

underreward ( equity theory)

Answer 17

referent’s O/I ratio is better than that of the employee

Question 18

overreward

Answer 18

referent’s O/I ratio is worse than that of the employee

Question 19

distributive justice

Answer 19

perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed

Question 20

procedural justice

Answer 20

perceived fairness of the procedures used to make reward allocation decisions

Question 21

components of expectancy theory

Answer 21

valence, expectancy, instrumentality

Question 22

expectancy theory

Answer 22

people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that:
~their efforts will lead to good performance
~good performance will be rewarded
~They will be offered attractive rewards

Question 23

valence ( expectancy theory)

Answer 23

desirable of rewards

Question 24

expectancy ( expectancy theory)

Answer 24

effort vs. performance

Question 25

instrumentality (expectancy theory)

Answer 25

performance vs. rewards

Question 26

reinforcement

Answer 26

process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior

Question 27

components of reinforcement theory

Answer 27

positive reinforcement negative reinforcement punishment extinction

Question 28

positive reinforcements

Answer 28

strengthens behavior by following behaviors with desirable consequences

Question 29

negative reinforcement

Answer 29

strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence when a specific behavior is performed

Question 30

punishment ( reinforcement theory)

Answer 30

weakens behavior by following behaviors with undesirable consequences

Question 31

extinction (reinforcement theory)

Answer 31

weakens behavior by not allowing positive consequences to follow a previously reinforced behavior

Question 32

goal-setting theory

Answer 32

people will be motivated to the extent to which they: ~accept specific, challenging goals ~receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement

Question 33

components of goal-setting theory

Answer 33

goal specificity, goal difficulty, goal acceptance, and performance feedback

Question 34

reinforcement theory states that behavior:

Answer 34

~is a function of its consequences ~followed by positive consequences will occur more frequently ~followed by negative consequences ( or at least not positive ones) will occur less frequently

Question 35

distributive and procedural justice

Answer 35

unsure that decision-making processes are fiar