Exam 4 Questions

Question 1

Which of the following represents the correct flow of air into the lung of a mammal?

Answer 1

larnyx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 2

Which of the following are typical features of an inflammatory response?

Answer 2

increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area

Question 3

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of ________.

Answer 3

lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant

Question 4

You and your friend were equally exposed to a virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?

Answer 4

You had an immunological memory of that virus.

Question 5

Which of the following results in the greatest blood pressure in the mammalian aorta?

Answer 5

systole of the left ventricle

Question 6

Which of the following best describes how an organism senses a disturbance in gas levels?

Answer 6

the medulla oblongata, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing

Question 7

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to ________.

Answer 7

interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex

Question 8

Which statement best describes what happens to the carbon dioxide produced by humans?

Answer 8

It is converted to bicarbonate ions.

Question 9

A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. Which type of response is most consistent with these symptoms?

Answer 9

inflammatory response

Question 10

Which of the following statements correctly compares respiration in fish and in mammals?

Answer 10

The movement of the respiratory medium in mammals is bidirectional, but in fish it is unidirectional.

Question 11

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of ________.

Answer 11

short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Question 12

Which of the following indicates a diagnosis of hypertension in adults?

Answer 12

blood pressure being greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and/or greater than 90 mm Hg diastolic

Question 13

An organism that lacks their thymus would ________.

Answer 13

be unable to differentiate and mature T cells

Question 14

Which statement is true about innate immunity?

Answer 14

Innate immunity is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens.

Question 15

Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocytic, include which of the following?

I) neutrophils

II) macrophages

III) dendritic cells

IV) natural killer cells

Answer 15

I, II, and III

Question 16

The velocity of blood flow lowest in capillaries because ________.

Answer 16

the total cross-sectional area is greater in the capillaries than in any other part of the circulatory system

Question 17

T cells of the immune system include ________.

Answer 17

cytotoxic and helper cells

Question 18

Which biological membranes must atmospheric molecules of oxygen cross to become bound to hemoglobin for transport in mammals?

Answer 18

five membranes (in and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell lining an alveolar capillary, and into the red blood cell)

Question 19

Mucus occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. Which answer best describes the main immunological function of mucus?

Answer 19

to physically trap pathogens

Question 20

Which of the following is a normal event in the process of blood clotting?

Answer 20

activation of prothrombin to thrombin