Exam 3

Question 1

which of the following correctly describes the function of chylomicrons?

Answer 1

to transport lipids from the intestine to adipose tissue

Question 2

which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

Answer 2

the amnion

Question 2

which of these characteristics contributed the most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

Answer 2

the shelled, amniotic egg

Question 2

which statement best describes why cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Answer 2

these proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them

Question 2

which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

Answer 2

small intestine- polysaccharide digestion

Question 3

what converts pepsinogen to its active form in the stomach?

Answer 3

HCl

Question 3

which process does the large surface area in the intestine make more efficient?

Answer 3

absorption

Question 3

in mammals, growth hormone is an endocrine signaling molecule that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. which of the following is required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone?

Answer 3

the presence of a growth hormone receptor

Question 4

which of the following organisms is most likely to have the highest total annual energy expenditure?

Answer 4

elephant

Question 5

which type of muscle directly helps move food along the digestive tract?

Answer 5

smooth muscle

Question 6

if you found a vertebrate skull in the woods and the teeth were sharp and scissor-like, which type of food would you expect this animal to eat?

Answer 6

animal flesh

Question 7

which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?

Answer 7

vitamins are organic molecules, but minerals are inorganic molecule

Question 8

the body’s automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed as

Answer 8

homeostasis

Question 9

which of the following structures do vertebrates and tunicates both possess?

Answer 9

a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Question 10

if a person travels to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience a tiredness known as jet lag. jet lag is due to a disruption of

Answer 10

circadian rhythm

Question 11

which of the following characteristics is exhibited by both monotremes and marsupials?

Answer 11

have some embryonic development outside the uterus

Question 12

It is important for pregnant women to consume folic acid supplements because __________.

Answer 12

folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube defects in a fetus

Question 13

nutrient-rich blood from the intestine is carried to the liver via which vessel?

Answer 13

hepatic portal vein

Question 14

which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?

Answer 14

they have a lateral line that is sensitive to vibrations

Question 15

which principle of heat exchange best explains why birds fluff their feathers in colder weather?

Answer 15

fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation

Question 16

which of the following was a trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods?

Answer 16

feet with digits

Question 17

which of following reproductive strategies in mammals involves the mother laying eggs that hatch outside of her body?

Answer 17

oviparous reproduction

Question 18

when used appropriately by a patient, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. what is one concern when using antibiotics?

Answer 18

antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health

Question 19

which of these groups of organisms are amniotes?

Answer 19

turtles

Question 20

which of the following properties are displayed by cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 20

striated appearance and presence and pressure of intercalated disks

Question 21

over the counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Answer 21

parietal cells

Question 22

which of the following statements correctly describes peristalsis?

Answer 22

it results from smooth muscle contractions that move along the esophagus

Question 23

which of the following options best describes the structure of bone?

Answer 23

a mixture of hardened collagen and minerals

Question 24

measuring which of the following amounts would most accurately determine the metabolic rate of an animal?

Answer 24

the energy used by an animal in a given time

Question 25

what is the importance of the mucus that is released by salivary glands?

Answer 25

it consists of glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus

Question 26

which statement best describes why mechanical digestion, the process of breaking down large chunks of food into smaller pieces, is an important digestive process?

Answer 26

because smaller pieces of food have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food

Question 27

constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

Answer 27

promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine

Question 28

what tissue lines most exchange surfaces of multicellular animals?

Answer 28

epithelial tissues

Question 29

elephants can often be observed using their trunks to spray water over their bodies, which cools them. what type of heat exchange does this process promote?

Answer 29

evaporation

Question 30

if you exercise, which stored fuel do you use first?

Answer 30

liver glycogen and muscle glycogen