Exam 1

Question 1

Recently, a microbe that is able to digest cellulose was discovered in a hot spring with an average temperature of 95 degrees celsius. This microbe most likely belongs to which of the following groups?

Answer 1

Archaea

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics correctly describes retroviruses?

Answer 2

They have a single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis

Question 3

Which of the following biological molecules contributes to the structural integrity of plant spores?

Answer 3

sporopollenin

Question 4

A process that cannot produce genetic variation in bacterial populations

Answer 4

meiosis

Question 5

Which of the following organisms is a producer?

Answer 5

diatoms

Question 5

which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between green algae and land plants?

Answer 5

green algae are often unicellular, while land plants are not

Question 6

in a recent study, researchers found that carbon dioxide was pumped to the ocean floor after adding a small amount of iron to the water. which of the following organisms was likely responsible for this result?

Answer 6

diatoms

Question 7

which of the following characteristics is found in heterosporous plants?

Answer 7

two types of sporophylls

Question 7

which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between viruses and prions

Answer 7

viruses replicate using its host’s DNA replication machinery, whereas prions replicate using host’s translation machinery

Question 7

which of the following is a similarity between bryophytes and seedless vascular plants?

Answer 7

in both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archeogonia

Question 8

which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria have in common?

Answer 8

lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of circular chromosome

Question 9

which of the following is a characteristic commonly found in ciliates?

Answer 9

they are often multinucleate

Question 10

which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins?

Answer 10

plasmodium and trypanosoma

Question 11

a bacterium has the following characteristics:
- it adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration
- it can survive being boiled
- it contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan

which of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining?

Answer 11

fimbriae

Question 12

which of the following statements correctly describes exotoxins and endotoxins produced by various bacteria?

Answer 12

exotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria is still alive

Question 13

you are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte, or a monilophyte sporophyte. which of the following characteristics would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?

Answer 13

whether it has microphylls or megaphylls

Question 14

while examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to bacteria but not archaea or eukarya?

Answer 14

cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan

Question 15

what clade does giardia intestinalis fall under and what does it cause? (hint: excavata supergroup)

Answer 15

diplomonads, intestinal infections (mammals)

Question 16

reinforced, threadlike pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which of the following groups or organisms?

Answer 16

foramifera

Question 17

which of the following processes can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans?

Answer 17

getting vaccinated to certain viruses

Question 18

which of these structures produce spores?

Answer 18

sporophyte (capsule) of a moss

Question 19

a biology student hiking in the forest discovers an erect, 15 centimeter tall plant that bears microphylls and strobili at its tallest point. when disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. observing a sample with a magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.

Answer 19

lycophyte sporophyte

Question 20

what is the kind of protist that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition?

Answer 20

mixotrophs

Question 21

a type of bacteria colonizes on the surface of a leaf, where it obtains nutrition from the leaf’s nonliving, waxy covering without harming the plant, and inhibits the growth of other microbes that are plant pathogens. if this bacteria gains access to the inside of a leaf, however,, it causes a fatal disease in the plant. once the plant dies, the bacterium and its offspring decompose the plant. what is the correct sequence of ecological roles played by the bacterium in the situation described here?

Answer 21

mutualist, pathogen, nutrient recycler

Question 22

which of the following statements is accurate with regard to the life cycle of mosses?

Answer 22

antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes

Question 23

living organisms can be divided into two groups: autotrophs and heterotroph. how do these two groups differ?

Answer 23

their sources of carbon

Question 24

which of the following statements about stomata is correct?

Answer 24

stomata allow gases to diffuse into and out of the plant

Question 25

what line of evidence would support a hypothesis that a newly discovered bacterium is a cyanobacterium?

Answer 25

it is able to form colonies and produce oxygen

Question 26

the virus genome and viral proteins are assembled into virus particles during which of the following parts of the reproductive cycle?

Answer 26

the lytic cycle only

Question 27

if a viral host cell has a mutation that interferes with the addition of carbohydrates to proteins during the processing in the golgi apparatus, which of the following processes is most likely to occur?

Answer 27

viruses released by that cell would have a decreased ability to infect cells than the virus that originally infected the cell