exam 4 practice exams Flashcards
A servant leader is a person that focuses on the needs, objectives, and aspirations of team members to help them achieve organizational goals.
true
Transactional leadership involves creating and communicating a higher-level vision in a charismatic way that elicits an emotional response.
false
Fiedler’s contingency theory matches the most suitable leadership style with a particular business situation.
true
Authentic leadership includes behavior that encourage positive psychological capacities, an ethical climate, greater self-awareness, an internalized moral perspective, a balanced processing of information, and self-development.
true
Every leader is asked to be a manager.
false
Power is the ability to coerce.
false
The modality of communication has had an impact on leadership and how leaders operate within an organization.
true
Positional powers are obtained by being perceived as likeable and well-informed.
false
The process of influence aimed at directing behavior toward the accomplishment of objectives is known as:
leadership
__________ power is how a manager influences people through the threat of or actual negative consequences for undesired actions.
Coercive
Self-management can be defined as:
the ability to have power over one’s own emotions
Which type of strategy is aimed at reshaping certain key mental processes in order to facilitate more positive and optimistic thinking patterns?
Constructive thought
_________ is the ability to influence how others behave.
Power
Which of the following kinds of power results from the influence that a manager has because of his or her title inside an organization or status in a community?
Legitimate
Which of the following types of leaders emphasize employee self-influence processes rather than hierarchical control processes and actively encourages followers to take ownership of their own behaviors and work processes?
Empowering leaders
Which of the following is NOT a basic category of self-leadership strategies?
Self-direction strategies
Shared leadership is a collaborative process in which team members share key leadership roles, including:
a. Transactional roles
b. Transformational roles
c. Directive roles
d. Social supportive roles
e. All of the above
The ___________ perspective is a system of ideas that focuses on identifying effective leaders through personal characteristics that are difficult to obtain or cannot be learned.
Trait
Which of the following powers is NOT a type of positional power?
Expert
Which of the following is NOT one of the five major leadership traits according to the textbook?
Likability
Who developed the Situational Leadership Model?
Hersey and Blanchard
This leadership process is divided into behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought strategies.
Self-leadership
This type of leader focuses on followers and their situation to achieve the best results:
Servant
Which of the following kinds of power results from a manager’s appealing traits or resources, such as charisma?
Referent
The __________ perspective is a system of ideas that focuses on identifying effective leaders through personal characteristics that are difficult to obtain or cannot be learned.
trait
An internal locus of control is a belief that there is nothing we can do to affect the outcome; we are simply pawns of our fate.
false
Creativity is the ability to devise innovative ideas to meet the needs of a particular task or organizational goal.
true
Challenging work is made up of both pleasureful and purposeful tasks.
true
Individuals with a high level of self-efficacy are more motivated to stand up for what they believe in.
True
Psychological contracts are formal or informal agreements intended to entice positive or desirable behaviors.
False
When individuals focus on the positive and filter out the negative, or vice versa, it is known as selective perception.
true
Perception is the process by which individuals select, interpret, and organize information in the world around them.
true
As defined in the chapter, quantifiable efforts produced by an employee, based on role and responsibilities, are known as:
contributions
Taking a position against something or someone even though you know the outcome may be unpopular is an example of:
moral courage
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Candor
The tendency to ascribe unfairly characteristics or attributes to a particular group or individual is known as:
stereotyping
The psychological strain that occurs when a person is faced with two or more conflicting cognitions (e.g., beliefs, attitudes, or items of knowledge) is known as:
cognitive dissonance
The capacity to recognize and appreciate emotional responses in one’s self and others is known as:
emotional intelligence
The physiological and emotional reactions experienced by individuals to excessive pressures or demands at work is commonly called:
stress
An ascribed quality or characteristic that is related to a particular individual or situation is:
an attribution
___________ is when an individual exhibits thoughtfulness, organization, and responsibility in the pursuit of goals.
Conscientiousness
The outward display of affirming emotions, such as happiness, optimism, and encouragement, is known as:
positive affectivity (PA)
Absenteeism, burnout, and low productivity are all consequences of:
stress
Which of the following is the degree to which an employee is psychologically devoted to an organization or team?
commitment
Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
fear
Inducements are:
formal or informal agreement intended to entice positive or desirable behaviors
____________ involves continually seeking pathways for possibilities and looking for opportunities to learn and grow.
Purposeful thinking
The extent to which a person believes in his or her own competence regarding a process or task is known as:
self-efficacy
In business, the commitment to the overall functions of the team and organizational culture in order to improve performance is often called:
citizenship
______________ include intentional behaviors and attitudes that differ from the accepted social norms in an honorable way.
Positive deviance
In the basic model of communication, the sender transmits or encodes the message through a chosen communication channel, and the receiver must try and decode or interpret the meaning of the message that is being delivered.
true
Body (nonverbal) language refers exclusively to the use of American Sign Language (ASL) in the communication process.
false
The two factors of the Two-Factor theory are hygiene and motivators.
true
Face-to-face discussion is considered the richest form of communication, as it allows for direct personal contact, instant feedback, and immediate clarification.
true
Twitter is an example of a communication channel according to the text.
true
Equity theory holds that individuals are more motivated if they perceive they are being treated unfairly as compared to their fellow workers or those in other firms.
false
Two types of behavior modification are positive reinforcement and avoidance learning.
true
A Reward System provides special recognition, prizes, and incentives for tasks, and jobs well done.
true
The act of transmitting information, thought, and processes through various channels is known as:
communication
The system of resources used as a channel for communication, such as the internet, for groups of people to connect is called:
communication network
Within the Shannon-Weaver Communications Model, ___________ is anything that hampers communication between a sender and receiver.
noise
Motivation may be defined as:
an incentive or drive to complete a task, function, or idea
A _____________ is when several individuals manifest and spread generally inaccurate or misleading information throughout the organization.
gossip chain
Which of the following theories of motivation suggests that individuals are more likely to be motivated and perform well if they expect to receive desired rewards?
Expectancy Theory
A system that allows employees to share in any cost savings made by the firm is called:
gain sharing
Which of the following behavior modification tools involves withholding praise or a positive reward?
Extinction
Which of the following was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943?
Hierarchy of Needs
Which of the following is NOT one of the categories of the ERG theory?
esteem
Which of the following is NOT a barrier to communication?
Constrained emotions
In which type of reward system are awards or prizes given at a specific rate as accomplishments occur?
Piece-rate incentives
The Equity theory states that:
individuals are more motivated if they perceive they are being treated as fairly as their
fellow workers or those in other firms
According to the Shannon-Weaver Communications Model, the sender encodes a message through a communication __________ and then the receiver must decode the message that is being delivered.
channel
Which of the following is NOT one of the three categories of human needs in Alderfer’s ERG Theory of Motivation?
Relaxation
Which of the following communication channels would include social networking (Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.)?
Electronic communication
____________ is/are based on specific accomplishments with rewards given for achievement of specified measurements.
Merit-based pay
