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HGTC Pharmacology NUR 161 > Exam 4 Pharm Maps > Flashcards

Exam 4 Pharm Maps Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things do we assess before and after administering respiratory drugs?

A

Lung sounds
Respiratory rate and effort
For cough
O2 saturation

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2
Q

Avoid ____ like (3) (all respiratory drugs)

A

Allergens
- Smoking
- Stress
- Air pollutants (grass, ragweed, pollen)

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3
Q

Report ____, or ____ that last longer than one week to your physician. (All respiratory drugs)

A

Fever
Cold-like symptoms

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4
Q

Decongestant drug name

A

Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

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5
Q

Reasons for taking decongestant (3)

A

Cold
Allergies
Sinusitis

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6
Q

Action of decongestant

A

Constrict small blood vessels in the upper respiratory system

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7
Q

Decongestant contraindications (2)

A

Pregnancy
Children under 6 years old

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8
Q

Decongestant adverse reactions (2)

A

Rebound congestion
Tachycardia (rare)

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9
Q

The pt. asks how long they should take oxymetazoline, what do you tell them?

A

No more than 5 days to avoid rebound congestion

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10
Q

Pt. on Oxymetazoline should avoid ___, why?

A

Caffeine, can increase side effects

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11
Q

How do we instruct the pt. to take Oxymetazoline?

A

Blow nose gently. Tilt head back. Place drops into each nostril & keep the head tilted back to allow the medicine to spread throughout the nose

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12
Q

Antitussive drug name

A

Benzonatate (Tessalon Pearls)

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13
Q

Reason for taking antitussive

A

Cough that is interfering with rest or comfort

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14
Q

Action of antitussive

A

Suppresses cough reflex in the medulla

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15
Q

Antitussive contraindications (2)

A

Pt. with respiratory depression
Pt. with opioid dependency

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16
Q

Antitussive adverse reaction (4)

A

Dizziness (common)
Headache
Sedation (rare but serious)
Nausea

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17
Q

What side effects are you most concerned about with Benzonatate?

A

Sedation

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18
Q

So, what should you teach your pt. about benzonatate? (2)

A

Caution when driving or operating machinery
Caution with other CNS depressant medications

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19
Q

Expectorant drug name

A

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

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20
Q

Reason for taking Mucinex

A

Non-Productive Cough

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21
Q

Action of Mucinex

A

Stimulates cell to secrete watery substance to thin mucus

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22
Q

Mucinex adverse reaction

A

All GI side effects

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23
Q

Pt. on Mucinex should increase ___ intake unless otherwise contraindicated. Why?

A

Fluid
Helps liquefy secretions
No mucus-producing fluids like milk

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24
Q

What type of pt. would Mucinex be contraindicated in?

A

Older pt.
Asthma or respiratory insufficiency

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25
Q

Bronchodilator (beta agonist) drug name

A

Albuterol (Proventil)

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26
Q

Reason for taking albuterol

A

Acute asthma or bronchitis

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27
Q

Action of Albuterol

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (activates beta receptors = bronchial dilation)

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28
Q

Albuterol contraindications (2)

A

Uncontrolled HTN
Arrythmias

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29
Q

Albuterol adverse reaction (4)

A

Tremors, nervousness
Anxiety
Nausea
Palpations

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30
Q

What do we teach albuterol pt. about inhalers?

A

Use a spacer, hold breath, etc.

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31
Q

Albuterol can increase __ & cause the pt. to ____

A

HR
Feel jittery

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32
Q

Use albuterol ___

A

As only as directed
(Don’t over puff)

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33
Q

Bronchodilator (Anticholinergic) drug name (oldest & most common)

A

ipratropium (Atrovent)

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34
Q

Reason for taking Atrovent

A

Manages COPD

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35
Q

Action of Atrovent

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles
By blocking acetylcholine receptors, Acetylcholine causes bronchial constriction

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36
Q

Atrovent adverse reactions (5)

A

Dry mouth & throat
Nasal congestion
Heart palpitations
Coughing
GI distress

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37
Q

Atrovent is an anticholinergic, what do you tell your pt.?

A

Drink plenty of fluids, use gum or candy for dry mouth, do not swallow tablets, and rinse your mouth after each use

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38
Q

How do you use an inhaler?

A
  1. Stand up.
    2 . Use a full inhaler.
  2. Shake the inhaler before you use it.
  3. Look straight ahead.
  4. Use a spacer if needed
  5. One breath per puff.
  6. Don’t let your tongue or teeth get in the way.
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39
Q

Leukotriene inhibitor drug name

A

Montelukast (singulair)

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40
Q

Reason for taking Singulair

A

Chronic management of asthma

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41
Q

Action of singulair

A

Blocks the release of leukotrienes

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42
Q

What are leukotrienes a part of

A

The inflammatory process

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43
Q

Singulair contraindication

A

Children under 12 years old

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44
Q

Singulair adverse reactions (3)

A

Headaches
Agitation
Mood changes

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45
Q

Take Singulair as ___

A

Directed
Every night on a continuous schedule even if symptoms improves

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46
Q

Singulair is NOT a ___

A

Rescue drug

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47
Q

Singulair may take ____ to see improvement

A

1-2 Weeks

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48
Q

Take with a ____ - no ___ (all antibiotics)

A

Full glass of water
No juice

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49
Q

Monitor for allergic reactions for the first ____. 3 examples (All antibiotics)

A

First 30 minutes
ex: rash, angioedema, & wheezing

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50
Q

Obtain ___ prior to first does of all antibiotics

A

Cultures

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51
Q

Report any signs of allergic reaction. Examples (4) (Pt. education, all antibiotics)

A

Rash, mouth sores, abd cramping, & diarrhea

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52
Q

Take all antibiotics as ___

A

Directed

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53
Q

What is something we should tell the pt. about all antibiotics? (2)

A

Finish all of the medication even when feeling better
Do not take other’s antibiotics

54
Q

Broad spectrum antibacterial Penicillin drug names (5)

A

Penicillin (Pen G)
Ampicillin (Omnipen)
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
(Zosyn)
Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (Augmentin)
(Suffix -cillin)

55
Q

Reason for taking Penicillins

A

Kills bacteria like staph infections, E. coli, and Pseudomonas

56
Q

Action of Penicillins

A

Bactericidal - Interferes with cell wall synthesis when dividing

57
Q

Penicillins contraindications

A

Caution in renal failure patients

58
Q

Penicillins adverse reactions (6)

A

GI disturbances (N/V, diarrhea, bloating, cramping)
Superinfections (C.diff, yeast)
Nephrotoxicity
Neurotoxicity (Confusion, gait, sz, headaches)
Allergic Reaction (Rash, hives, white patches in mouth
Anaphylactic reactions (Angioedema, Wheezing/Stridor)

59
Q

What should be monitored for with Pen G.

A

Hyperkalemia

60
Q

Why should you push IV Pen G slowly

A

To avoid cardiac arrest

61
Q

Why should Augmentin be taken with

A

To help absorption

62
Q

What is often used prophylactic for dental procedures?

A

Augmentin

63
Q

Broad spectrum antibacterial Cephalosporins drug names (3)

A

Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cefazolin (Ancef)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Prefix cef- or ceph-

64
Q

Reason for taking cephalosporins

A

Kills bacteria like staph infections, E. coli, and Pseudomonas

65
Q

Action of cephalosporins

A

Bactericidal - Interferes with cell wall synthesis when dividing

66
Q

Cephalosporins contraindications

A

Allergic to PCN

67
Q

Cephalosporins adverse reactions (5)

A

Diarrhea (most common)
Abd cramps
Rash
Pruritus
Edema

68
Q

Give cephalosporins __ minutes, before the first cut of a surgical procedure to prevent ___

A

60 minutes
A staph infection

69
Q

Cephalosporins is nephrotoxic if mixed with ____

A

Vancomycin

70
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotic Carbapenem drug names (2)

A

Imipenem (Primaxin)
Meropenem (Merrem)
Suffix -penem

71
Q

Reason for taking Carbapenem

A

Used mostly for serious abd infections, UTI, skin, joint, & GYN infections

72
Q

Action of Carbapenem

A

Bactericidal - Interferes with cell wall synthesis when dividing

73
Q

Carbapenem contraindications (3)

A

Pt. w/seizure disorders
Caution in elderly
Caution in pt. w/renal impairment

74
Q

Carbapenem adverse reactions (4)

A

Phlebitis (restart at a different location
Nausea/vomiting (call for an antiemetic
Allergic reaction (stop infusion & notify MD)
C.diff (stop infusion, notify MD, & obtain a specimen)

75
Q

Infuse Carbapenem IV over ___

A

60 minutes

76
Q

Dilute Carbapenem with ____ if given IM, why?

A

Lidocaine, because it can hurt

77
Q

Monitor pt. on Carbapenem for ___

A

Seizure activity

78
Q

Monitor Carbapenem IV site for ____

A

Phlebitis

79
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotic Macrolides drug names (2)

A

Azithromycin (Zithromax) or (Zpak)
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Suffix -thromycin

80
Q

Reason for taking thromycins (4)

A

Strep infections
Upper/lower resp infections
STD’s
Lyme Disease

81
Q

Action of thromycins

A

Bacteriostatic- Prevents protein synthesis within the cell
Bactericidal in high dose

82
Q

Thromycins contraindications

A

Breastfeeding

83
Q

Thromycins adverse reactions & what should you report to your MD (4)

A

Fewer GI side effects
Report jaundice, hearing loss, chest pain or palpitations to your MD

84
Q

Thromycins are highly ____ bound so caution with _____ & ____ because they are also highly ____ bound

A

Protein-bound
amiodarone & diltiazem

85
Q

Take thromycins with at least ____

A

8 ounces of water

86
Q

First does is higher ___ then ___ doses after is lower ___ (Thromycins)

A

500 mg
4 doses
250 mg

87
Q

Take Zpak liquid __ before meals or ___ after meals

A

1 hour before
2 hours after

88
Q

Thromycins have better __

A

Tissue penetration

89
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotic tetracyclines drugs names (2)

A

Tetracycline (Actisite)
Doxycycline (Doxy)
Suffix -cycline

90
Q

Reason for taking cyclines (3)

A

STD’s, Lyme disease, & acne

91
Q

Action of cyclines

A

Bacteriostatic- inhibits protein growth

92
Q

Cyclines contraindications

A

Pregnant or breastfeeding

93
Q

Cyclines adverse reaction

A

Photosensitivity

94
Q

Pt.s on cyclines should avoid ___ and ___

A

Sun exposure & tanning beds

95
Q

Cyclines can cause damage to the ___ on children’s teeth

A

Enamel

96
Q

Cyclines slows fetal ___

A

Skeletal growth and are teratogenic

97
Q

What is teratogenic?

A

Substances or factors that can cause developmental abnormalities in a fetus.

98
Q

Take cyclines __ before or ___ after a meal

A

1 hour before
2 hours after

99
Q

Pts. on cyclines should avoid ___ products such as ____

A

Dairy products
Milk, cheese, yogurt, ect.

100
Q

Aminoglycosides drug names (3)

A

Tobramycin
Gentamycin
Neomycin
Suffix -micin or -mycin

101
Q

Reason for taking mycins (3)

A

Pseudomonas, E. coli, & Proteus Klebsiella

102
Q

Action of mycins

A

Bactericidal - Inhibits protein synthesis in gram-negative strains

103
Q

Mycins contraindications (2)

A

Caution in renal pt. and hearing impaired

104
Q

Mycins adverse reactions (4)

A

Most nephrotoxic & ototoxic antibiotic
Report any tinnitus & hearing loss
Dizziness (vertigo)
Gait disturbance due to inner ear problems

105
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

Ringing in the ears

106
Q

Assess ___, ___, & ____ with mycins

A

BUN >20 hold & call MD
Creatine >1.3 hold & call MD
UOP <30mL/hr hold & call MD

107
Q

Monitor ___ & ___ levels with mycins

A

PEAK & TROUGH

108
Q

Pt.s should consult MD if they have ___ or ___ problems

A

Kidney or hearing problems

109
Q

Mycins work on what type of bacteria

A

Gram-negative aerobic bacilli (need oxygen)

110
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotics Quinolones drug names (2)

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Suffix -floxacin

111
Q

Reason for taking floxacins (3)

A

UTI, respiratory tract, & skin infections

112
Q

Action of floxacin

A

Bactericidal -interferes with DNA replication - cell dies

113
Q

Floxacins contraindication

A

Liver problems (rare)

114
Q

Floxacins adverse reactions (2)

A

Rupture tendon & long-term nerve damage

115
Q

Do not take ___ or ___ with floxacins

A

Vitamins or minerals (Zinc, calcium, magnesium)

116
Q

Take floxacins with __

A

Food

117
Q

Avoid ___ with floxacins

A

Dairy products

118
Q

Restrict ____ with floxacins, why?

A

Caffeine
Increases jitteriness

119
Q

Report ___ with floxacins

A

Tendon pain

120
Q

Floxacins are the common drug to treat ___ & ____

A

Anthrax & urinary infections

121
Q

Glycopeptides drug name

A

Vancomycin

122
Q

Reason for taking vancomycin

A

Treatment of choice for MRSA

123
Q

Action of vancomycin

A

Bactericidal
Interferes with DNA – kills bacteria

124
Q

Vancomycin contraindications (2)

A

Renal or hearing impaired

125
Q

Vancomycin adverse reactions (2)

A

Nephrotoxic (causes kidney damage) & Ototoxic (causes tinnitus & deafness)

126
Q

Infuse vancomycin IV over ___, why?

A

60 minutes, rapid can cause hypotension

127
Q

What should the trough levels be for vancomycin?

A

10-20mcg/mL
Hold >20 mcg/mL & call MD

128
Q

Pt.s on vancomycin should report ___ or ___

A

Ringing in the ears or loss of balance

129
Q

Monitor for ____- oral vancomycin only

A

Superinfection (C-diff)

130
Q

Monitor for ____ (Vancomycin) - Usually happens w/in the first 10 min b/c infusing too fast

A

Vancomycin flushing syndrome (vfs)

131
Q

Vancomycin flushing syndrome symptoms (4)

A

Hypertension
Flushing & pruritis
Red rash on face, neck, chest, & extremities

132
Q

What should you do if the pt. is experiencing Vancomycin Flushing Syndrome?

A

Stop treatment immediately
Administer an antihistamine (Benadryl)
Wait until symptoms resolve - usually about 20 minutes
Restart rate at half the dose - usually over 2 hours

HGTC Pharmacology NUR 161 (4 decks)

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