Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HGTC Pharmacology NUR 161 > Exam 1 Pharm Maps > Flashcards

Exam 1 Pharm Maps Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of opioid drugs (8)?

A

Morphine, Hydromorphone (Dilaudid), Fentanyl, Oxycodone (Oxycontin), Hydrocodone, Codeine, Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin), & Oxycodone/Acetaminophen (Percocet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the reasons for taking opioids?

A

Moderate Pain
Severe Pain
Sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the action of opioids?

A

Binds to MU receptors in the central nervous system. Slows down CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the contraindications for opioids (3)?

A
  1. Decreased LOC, BP, or HR
  2. Severe Asthma
  3. Mixing with other opioids or CNS depressants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are adverse reactions to Opioids (7)?

A
  1. Respiratory depressant
  2. Hypotension
  3. Bradycardia
  4. Purititis
  5. Sedation
  6. Addiction
  7. Chronic Constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When taking opioids, monitor what (3)?

A

RR, BP, & LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When taking opioids, assess pt.’s what?

A

Pain level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When taking opioids, check __ before administering.

A

Level of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When taking opioids, monitor for s/s of__.

A

Overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Opioid pt. education. May cause ___/___. Therefore pt. should do these 2 things.

A

May cause dizziness/lightheadedness
1. Stand or change positions slowly
2. Caution when driving or operating heavy machinery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Opioid pt. education. May cause ___. Recommend using a ___.

A

May cause constipation
Recommend using a stool softener daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Avoid ___ or ___ when taking opioids.

A

Alcohol or other CNS depressants (benzo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ is often used in surgical procedures.

A

Fentanyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Respiratory rate ___ hold and notify MD. (Opioid)

A

Less than 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S/S of opioid overdose

A

Decrease LOC & decreased respirations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antidote for opioid is ___.

A

naloxone (Narcan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Naloxone (Narcan) has what kind of half-life?

A

Short half-life, and may need more than one dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Monitor how much ___ with Percocet

A

Tylenol when Percocet is given with Tylenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Non-opioid analgesics drug names (2)

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Tramadol (Ultram)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reason for taking non-opioid analgesics

A

Mild to moderate pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What non-opioid analgesics is given as a fever reducer?

A

Tylenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the action of non-opioid analgesics?

A

Decreases prostaglandin synthesis = blocks pain impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Non-opioid analgesics contraindication

A

Liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What should be avoided when taking tramadol?

A

SSRIs and MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Non-opioid analgesics adverse reactions (2)

A
  1. Hepatotoxicity
  2. GI upset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Assess ___ prior to administering non-opioid analgesics and ___ after

A

Pain level, 30 minutes after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How much Tylenol can be given in a 24 hour period?

A

3 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Non-opioid analgesics pt. education (4)

A
  1. Take as directed
  2. Caution if you have renal or liver problems
  3. Take with food
  4. Avoid alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Antidote for acetaminophen is ___

A

Acetylcysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tramadol is considered a ___ opioid

A

Weak opioid - inhibits the reuptake of serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Tramadol can cause ___ if taken with an MAOI or SSRI’s

A

Serotonin toxicity (hyperreflexia, tremors, tachycardia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

NSAIDS drug names (4)

A

Salicylate Acid (Aspirin)
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Ketorolac (Tordal)
Celecoxib (Celebrex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Reasons for taking NSAIDS (4)

A
  1. Analgesic
  2. Anti-inflammatory
  3. Antipyretic
  4. Antiplatelet (aspirin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

NSAIDS action

A

Decreases production of prostaglandin release by blocking COX enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

NSAIDS contraindications (3)

A
  1. Peptic Ulcer Disease
  2. GI bleeding
  3. Vitamin K deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

NSAIDS adverse reactions (4)

A
  1. GI bleeding
  2. Stomach ulcers
  3. Nephrotoxicity with Tordal
  4. Hepatoxicity in some cases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Aspirin can cause __ in children.

A

Reye Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When taking NSAIDS monitor for ___

A

Unusual bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Assess ___ before and ___ after administration of NSAIDS

A

Pain level, 30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Monitor ___ & ___ if taking Toradol

A

ALT/AST & BUN, Creat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Take NSAIDS with ___

A

Food or milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Avoid ___ and ___ with NSAIDS

A

Alcohol and other hepatoxic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Report any ____ or ___ to MD (NSAIDS)

A

Any black stools or noticeable bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

NSAIDS may cause ___

A

Kidney damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Do not give ___ to children

A

Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Tordal should only be given for __

A

5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Do not ____ enteric coated aspirin

A

Crush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Aspirin is also used as an ___

A

Antiplatelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

S/S of Reye Syndrome (4)

A

Bleeding, tachycardia, seizures, & coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is another name for Feverfew?

A

Chrysanthemum parthenium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Reasons for taking Feverfew (2)

A

Arthritis & Migraines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Action of Feverfew

A

Reduces prostaglandin release = decrease inflammation (arthritis)
Inhibits vascular smooth muscle (reduce migraines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Contraindications of Feverfew (2)

A
  1. Any blood thinner medications
  2. Pregnant or breastfeeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Feverfew adverse reactions

A

An allergy to ragweed may be sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Feverfew takes up to a ___ to work

A

Month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Why should pt.s NOT eat fresh feverfew leaves?

A

Causes mouth sores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

The pt. is a young married female, what do you tell her about Feverfew?

A

Can bring on contractions if pregnant & can bring on menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is another name for Gingko?

A

Gingko Biloba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Reason for taking gingko

A

Improves circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Action of gingko

A

Protect neurons from oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Contraindications of gingko (2)

A
  1. Bleeding disorders
  2. Seizure disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Gingko adverse reactions (6)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Dizziness
  3. Heart palpitations
  4. Constipation
  5. Upset stomach
  6. Skin irritations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Do not eat ___ of gingko

A

Raw leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Monitor for ___ , __ & ___ when taking gingko

A

Bleeding
Sz activity
Skin irritations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is another name for St. John’s Wort?

A

Hypericum perforatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Reasons for taking St. John’s Wort (2)

A

Depression & Menopausal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Action of St. John’s Wort

A

Decreases serotonin receptors which affects the area of the brain associated with depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

St. John’s Wort contraindications

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)
- Reduces the effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

St. John’s Wort Adverse reactions (5)

A
  1. Anxiety & agitation
  2. Dizziness
  3. Dry mouth
  4. Photosensitivity
  5. Serotonin syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

When should pt.s taking St. John’s Wort notify their MD?

A

Chronic or sever GI symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Reason for taking Echinacea

A

Common cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Pt. on St. John’s Wort has muscle rigidity, dilated pupils, & confusion. What do you suspect is happening?

A

Serotonin Syndrome

73
Q

Action of echinacea

A

Stimulates macrophages & other cells of the innate immune system, causing them to become activated and release cytokines

74
Q

Echinacea contraindication

A

Warfarin

75
Q

Echinacea adverse reactions (3)

A
  1. GI upset
  2. Jitteriness
  3. Tachycardia
76
Q

What do we tell our pt.s when they start echinacea

A

Take at first sign of cold
Call MD if fast heart rate

77
Q

What is another name for ginseng?

A

Panaxquinquefolius

78
Q

Reasons for taking ginseng (3)

A

Reduces stress
Builds immunity
Increases memory

79
Q

Action of ginseng

A

Prostaglandin inhibitor

80
Q

Ginseng contraindication

A

Warfarin
- reduces effectiveness of this drug

81
Q

Ginseng adverse reactions (2)

A
  1. Nervousness
  2. Insomnia
82
Q

What happens when women use ginseng regularly?

A

Changes to menstrual cycle

83
Q

What lab should be monitored with ginseng?

A

Serum glucose or FSBG (can increase glucose levels)

84
Q

What should be avoided with ginseng?

A

Caffiene

85
Q

Stop taking ginseng after _. Why?

A

3 months
Increases the risk of side effects

86
Q

What is another name for ginger?

A

Zingiber officinale

87
Q

Reasons for taking Ginger (2)

A

Nausea
Vomiting

88
Q

Action of ginger?

A

Decreases serotonin receptors and releases antiemesis affects on the nausea center of the brain

89
Q

Ginger contraindications (2)

A
  1. Bleeding disorders
  2. Warfarin
90
Q

Ginger adverse reaction (2)

A
  1. Belching
  2. GI discomfort
91
Q

Why is ginger avoided in patients with bleeding disorders?
What would I caution those pt. about?

A

Slow blood clotting = increase bleeding
Shaving w/razors, holding pressure on wounds and/or call MD

92
Q

Pt. who are to have __ or a __need to make sure to tell their MD if they are taking ginger

A

Surgery or a procedure

93
Q

Assess ____ & ____ before & after administering (All CNS depressants)

A

Level of consciousness & vital signs

94
Q

Caution in ___ and ____ (All CNS depressants)

A

Elderly and sleep apnea

95
Q

Caution in pt. with __ or __ problems (All CNS depressants)

A

Kidney or liver

96
Q

Caution with other ___ (All CNS depressants)

A

CNS depressants

97
Q

Caution while ____ or ____ (All CNS depressants, pt. teaching)

A

Driving or operating heavy machinery

98
Q

Avoid ____ & ____ (All CNS depressants, pt. teaching)

A

Alcohol & other CNS depressants

99
Q

DO NOT STOP ___ (All CNS depressants, pt. teaching)

A

ABRUPTLY

100
Q

Take ____ due to a high abuse rate (All CNS depressants, pt. teaching)

A

As directed

101
Q

Benzodiazepines drug names (4)

A
  1. alprazolam (Xanax)
  2. midazolam (Versed)
  3. clonazepam (Klonopin)
  4. diazepam (Valium)
102
Q

Reasons for taking Benzodiazepine (4)

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Alcohol withdrawal, seizure activity
    - diazepam (Valium)
    - alprazolam (Xanax)
  3. Sedation
    - midazolam (Versed
  4. Panic disorder
    - clonazepam (Klonopin)
103
Q

Benzodiazepine action

A

Thought to enhance GABA

104
Q

Benzodiazepines contraindications (2)

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Narrow-angle glaucoma
105
Q

Benzodiazepines adverse reaction (4)

A
  1. Drowsiness
  2. Loss of coordination
  3. Dry mouth
  4. Constipation
106
Q

What do you need to monitor before and after administering Benzodiazepines?

A

Vital signs, LOC

107
Q

Pt. is lethargic with shallow respirations what medication are you anticipating administering benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil (Ramazicon)

108
Q

What is the “caution” with Flumaxenil?

A

Pt. with seizure disorders

109
Q

How do you know the pt. is going through withdrawal?

A

Confusion, tremors, irritable, elevated HR & BP

110
Q

What is the difference bt. midazolam (Versed) & other benzodiazepines?

A

Midazolam is fast acting, short half-life and used for sedation

111
Q

Non-benzodiazepine drug name

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)

112
Q

Reason for taking Ambien

A

Insomnia

113
Q

Action of Ambien

A

Binds to neuroreceptors that slows brain activity

114
Q

Ambien contraindications (2)

A
  1. Kidney disease
  2. Other CNS depressants
    - Opioids
    - Benzodiazepines
    - Alcohol
115
Q

Ambien adverse reaction (3)

A
  1. Decreased LOC
  2. Confusion
  3. Short term memory loss
116
Q

Usual dose of Ambien is __ and can titrate up to ___

A

5mg
10mg

117
Q

What is different about zolpidem (Ambien) CR?

A

Has 2 components. Part of drug is released immediately to fell asleep. The rest is released overnight to help stay asleep

118
Q

What do you need to teach your patient about Ambien before discharge?

A

Keep a regular bedtime schedule, may cause somnambulance (sleepwalking), avoid large meals at night, NO activity at least one hour before (TV, screen, DRIVING, etc.), don’t take another sleep aid with Ambien

119
Q

What should you assess before and after administering Ambien?

A

LOC, risk of injury, vitals

120
Q

Muscle relaxants drug name

A

cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

121
Q

Reason for taking Flexeril

A

Several skeletal muscle conditions like Multiple Sclerosis, muscle spasms, orthopedic surgeries

122
Q

Action of Flexeril

A

Relaxes smooth muscles to help alleviate pain d/t muscle tension or spasms

123
Q

Flexeril contraindications

A

Caution with other CNS depressants

124
Q

Flexeril adverse reactions (3)

A
  1. Weakness
  2. Fatigue
  3. Drowsiness
125
Q

Felxeril works better along the side of ___

A

Physical therapy

126
Q

How do you treat a muscle relaxants overdose? What do you monitor?

A

Supportive
Monitor LOC, EKG, airway and fluids

127
Q

Increase fluids when taking muscle relaxants to avoid ___

A

Crystalloid (mineral salts)

128
Q

What are you assessing/monitoring with Flexeril as the nurse?

A

Ambulation, LOC, coordination

129
Q

What are you teaching your pt. about Flexeril at discharge

A

Increase fluids, may cause loss of coordination, don’t drive or operate machinery while taking

130
Q

CNS Stimulants drug name

A

sumatriptan (Imitrex)
(Triptans)

131
Q

Reason for taking sumatriptan

A

Migraine headache

132
Q

Action of sumatriptan

A

Stimulates 5-HT1 receptors in cerebral arteries causing vasoconstriction
Helps decrease the production of inflammatory neuropeptides

133
Q

Sumatriptan contraindications

A

Pregnancy

134
Q

What are you going to assess as the nurse (sumatriptan)?

A

Pain, effectiveness of drug

135
Q

What are you going to teach your pt. before discharge about sumatriptan?

A
  • Take at the onset of a headache
  • Avoid bright lights and noise after taking
  • Another tablet can be taken in 2 hours if the headache still persists
  • If pregnant or pain to become pregnant, notify MD immediately
136
Q

Assess/monitor ____ (All Antiepileptics)

A

Level of consciousness

137
Q

Monitory for ___ activity (All Antiepileptics)

A

Seizure

138
Q

Medication list for ___ (All Antiepileptics)

A

other CNS depressants

139
Q

Notify MD if you start to have ___ (All Antiepileptics, pt. teaching)

A

suicidal thoughts

140
Q

Caution while ___ because it may cause ____ (All Antiepileptics, pt. teaching)

A

Driving
Drowsiness

141
Q

Take at the ___ (All Antiepileptics, pt. teaching)

A

Same time every day w/food

142
Q

Can decrease the effectiveness of __ (All Antiepileptics, pt. teaching)

A

Birth control

143
Q

Avoid___ (All Antiepileptics, pt. teaching)

A

Alcohol

144
Q

What’s another name for phenytoin

A

Dilantin

145
Q

Reason for taking phenytion

A

Seizure disorders

146
Q

Action of phenytoin

A

Thought to work on GABA to decrease impulses along the neuro pathway

147
Q

Contraindications to phenytoin (2)

A
  1. Teratogenic
  2. Multiple drug interactions
148
Q

Phenytoin adverse reactions (3)

A
  1. Gingival hyperplasia
  2. Ance
  3. Hirsutism (women grow dark, coarse facial hair)
149
Q

Push phenytoin IV slowly over ___ to avoid ___

A

50mg/min
Cardiac arrest

150
Q

What lab values do we need to monitor for phenytoin?

A

Serum drug levels (10-20mcg/mL)

151
Q

What is another name for Tegretol?

A

carbamazepine

152
Q

Reason for taking Tegretol

A

Seizure disorders

153
Q

Action of Tegretol

A

Thought to work on GABA to decrease impulses along the neuro pathway

154
Q

Tegretol contraindications

A

Multiple drug interactions

155
Q

Tegretol adverse reaction (3)

A
  1. Bilsters around the mouth
  2. Aplastic Anemia
  3. Anaphylactic reaction
156
Q

What labs are you going to monitor with Tegretol?

A

Serum drug levels (4-12mcg/mL), platelets, WBC, RBC

157
Q

Inform pt. taking Tegretol to notify MD if they have any ___

A

Unusual bleeding

158
Q

Report __ or ___ to MD (Tegretol)

A

Fever or sore throat

159
Q

Tegretol can also be given for ___

A

Neuropathic pain

160
Q

What is another name for Keppra?

A

levetiracetam

161
Q

Reason for taking Keppra

A

Seizure disorders

162
Q

Action of Keppra

A

Thought to work on GABA to decrease impulses along the neuro pathway

163
Q

Keppra adverse reactions (2)

A
  1. Suicidal thoughts
  2. Steven-Johnson Syndrome
164
Q

Keppra must be ___ to an effective dose

A

Titrated

165
Q

What is the max dose of Keppra

A

3000mg/day

166
Q

What is another name for gabapentin?

A

Neurontin

167
Q

Reason for taking gabapentin

A

Seizure disorders

168
Q

Action of gabapentin

A

Inhibits over-excitement of brain activity by synthesizing GABA

169
Q

gabapentin contraindications (3)

A
  1. Avoid alcohol
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Other CNS depressants
170
Q

gabapentin adverse reactions (3)

A
  1. Respiratory depression
  2. Dizziness or drowsiness
  3. Edema
171
Q

Gabapentin is used most often in pt. with ___

A

Neuropathic pain

172
Q

What is another name for Depakote?

A

valproic acid

173
Q

Reason for taking Depakote

A

Seizure disorders

174
Q

Action of Depakote

A

Inhibits over-excitement of brain activity by synthesizing GABA

175
Q

Depakote contraindications (2)

A
  1. Liver disease
  2. Pancreatitis
176
Q

Depakote adverse reactions (4)

A
  1. Dizziness or Drowsiness
  2. Hair loss
  3. Hepatoxic
  4. Pancreatitis
177
Q

Depakote is also used to treat ___

A

Bipolar disorder

178
Q

What labs are you going to monitor for Depakote?

A

Serum drug levels (50-100mcg/mL), ALT, & AST

179
Q

Increase ___ when taking Depakote

A

protein intake

HGTC Pharmacology NUR 161 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions