Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HGTC Pharmacology NUR 161 > Exam 2 Pharm Maps > Flashcards

Exam 2 Pharm Maps Flashcards

1
Q

Anticoagulants (Heparin) drug names (2)

A

Unfractionated heparin (Heparin)
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) - enoxaparin (Lovenox)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reason for taking Heparin
________ to prevent clot formation in pt. with the following conditions (5)

A

Prophylactically
1. MI (heart attack)
2. Atrial fibrillation
3. CVA
4. Post Stent
5. Implanted Devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Action of heparin
Inhibits __ formation. Specifically, lla (thrombin)
Lovenox works more on ____

A

Clot
Factor Xa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heparin contraindications (3)

A

Recent surgeries
GI bleed
PUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adverse reaction to heparin (3)

A

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Excessive bleeding
Bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is IV anticoagulant Heparin more dangerous?

A

Because bleeding can occur quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Assess ___ before & after administering Heparin

A

Bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Assess low ___ (heparin)

A

Hemoglobin (anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Assess ___ levels before administering each dose of heparin

A

PTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___ levels bt. ___ & _____ is considered therapeutic (heparin)

A

PTT
bt. 46-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Check med list for other ___ heparin

A

Anti-coagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HOLD lovenox if ___ are less than

A

platelets are less than 50 thousand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Report any ___ or ___ to the physician (Pt. education, heparin)

A

Unusual bleeding or bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Pt. education) Pt. on heparin should wear a

A

Medical alert bracelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(Pt. education) Rotate ___ with heparin

A

Injection sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Avoid ___ with Heparin

A

Medication that causes bleeding (ex. NSAIDS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(Pt. education) Heparin medication may ___

A

Burn or bruise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a unique aspect to heparin administration?

A

Keep the air bubble in the syringe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine Sulfate 1mg/100 units of heparin used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What site is heparin anticoagulants administered on a pt.

A

Love handles (only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Signs of bleeding to watch for with heparin

A

Bleeding gums, blood in foley, IV site, any wounds, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anticoagulant Vitamin K factor drug names (1)

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reason for taking warfarin

A

Long term management of an MI, Afib, or any implantable devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Action of warfarin

A

Inhibits production of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Warfarin contraindications (4)

A

Recent surgeries
GI bleeds
PUD
Many drug interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Warfarin adverse reactions (3)

A

Bleeding
Purple Toe Syndrome
Warfarin Toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Assess ____ before and after administering warfarin

A

Bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Monitor ____ levels with warfarin (values)

A

PT/INR
1.0 normal
2 - 3.5 for therapeutic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Be ready to administer ___ if bleeding occurs with warfarin

A

Vitamin K 10 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

For l____ t___ bleeding, administer (warfarin)

A

Life-threatening
Kcentra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

(Pt. education, warfarin) Avoid ___

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

(Pt. education, warfarin) Report any ___ or ___ to physician

A

Unusual bleeding or bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pt. who are on warfarin should wear a

A

Medical alert bracelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

(Pt. education, warfarin) Do not change intake amount of

A

Green leafy vegetables you eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

(Pt. education, warfarin) Avoid all ___

A

Herbal medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What do you do if the warfarin level is toxic?

A

Stop medication, notify MD and prepare to administer vitamin K. Watch for bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are examples of foods to avoid with warfarin?

A

Green leafy vegetables
Spinach, Kale, Cabbage, Lettuce, but also Tomatoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What 2 cardiac medications can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin?

A

Amiodarone & Diltiazem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What drug is often used with warfarin until warfarin reaches a therapeutic level?

A

Heparin IV
D/c after warfarin reaches therapeutic level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

After receiving Vit. K, how long are pt.s resistant to warfarin?

A

Up to 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The liver will begin to make more clotting factors once warfarin is stopped, but it can take up to ___ reach homeostasis. What is given to speed to process along?

A

3 or 4 days
Vit. K is given

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Anticoagulants Factor Xa drug names (3)

A

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Fondaparinux (Arixtra)
Apixaban (Eliquis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Reasons for taking Factor Xa

A

Prevent CVA in patients with afib, post-op ortho surgeries, or Hx of DVT, PE - to help avoid a recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Action of Factor Xa

A

Inhibits factor Xa production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Factor Xa contraindications (4)

A

Recent surgeries
GI bleeds
PUD
Avoid NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Factor Xa adverse reactions (3)

A

Peripheral edema
Bleeding & bruising
Dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Assess ___ before & after administering Factor Xa

A

Bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What labs should be monitor with Factor Xa

A
  • renal function (BUN & Create)
  • Liver enzymes (ALT & AST)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

(Pt. education, Factor Xa) Pt. should take ___ and be sure not to ___ or ___

A

Whole
Do not crush or split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

(Pt. education, Factor Xa) If _ & __ occur, what should the pt. do?

A

Nausea & vomiting
Call MD immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

(Pt. education, Factor Xa) Stop if ___ or ___

A

Unusual bleeding or bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

(Pt. education, Factor Xa) Notify physician for ___

A

Black tarry stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Why should you take caution with an epidural with Factor Xa? How long should you wait to start the medication?

A

Can cause a spinal hematoma once epidural is pulled
Start medication about 6 hours later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Antiplatelet drug names (2)

A

Aspirin (ASA)
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Reason for taking antiplatelet

A

Post CVA, MI, & stent placements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Action of antiplatlets

A

Make platelets slicky so they don’t adhere to BV wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Antiplatelet contraindications (4)

A

Many drugs
Amiodarone
PPI
CCB
NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Antiplatelet Adverse reactions (5)

A

Bleeding
- Gums
- Nosebleeds
- Puncture sites
- Surgical sites
- Hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is hematuria?

A

Blood in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Monitor for ____ or ____ with Antiplatelets

A

Bleeding or bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

(Antiplatelets nursing implications) Medication list for ___

A

Other NSAIDS, anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Monitor ___ & ____ (Antiplatelet)

A

Platelets & hemoglobin (very little effect on these labs but if they are already low, could be an issue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Take Antiplatelet at ____

A

The same time every day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Report any ___ or ___ to your physician (pt. education Antiplatelet)

A

Unusual bleeding or bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Do not crush ___ aspirin

A

Enteric-coated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Take aspirin with ___ or ___

A

6-8 ounces of water or with food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Caution with ____, ____, and ____ (Antiplatelet)

A

Ginko, ginger, & st. john’s wart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Why should you not skip an Antiplatelet dose?

A

Becomes less effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What if pt. (who is on Antiplatelet) is taking aspirin for arthritis?

A

Make sure MD is aware/ Can increase risk of bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants drug name

A

Cholestyramine (Questran)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Reason for taking antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants

A

Hyperlipidemia (elevated lipids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Action of antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants

A

Prevents reabsorption of bile acids from the small intestines (we excrete bile acid in stool and the body will use more cholesterol to make bile acids- lower cholesterol in the blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants contraindications (2)

A

PKU (phenylketonuria)
Bowel obstruction

74
Q

What is phenylketonuria?

A

Genetic disorder where you can’t break down amino acids leading to brain damage

75
Q

Antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants adverse reactions (5)

A

Constipation
Headaches
Loss of appetite
Heartburn
Vitamin deficiencies

76
Q

Caution with ____, ____, & ____ (antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants)

A

Digoxin, warfarin, diuretics (effects absorption)

77
Q

Drink plenty of fluids to _____ (pt. education antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants)

A

Avoid constipation

78
Q

Eat ____ foods to avoid constipation (pt. education antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants)

A

High-fiber

79
Q

What should powder antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants be mixed with

A

Water or juice

80
Q

Antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants can be used along with ____

A

Statins

81
Q

Take antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants ___ after or ___ before a meal to avoid interference with absorption

A

1 hour after or 4-6 hours before

82
Q

Some literature suggests antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants raise ___ so monitor ___ & ___

A

Liver enzymes
Monitor ALT & AST

83
Q

Long-term antihyperlipidemic bile acid sequestrants use may affect vitamin __, __, & __ absorption

A

Vit. A, D, K
Talk to MD about supplements

84
Q

Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors drug names (3)

A

Simvastatin (Zocor)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

85
Q

Reason for taking antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors

A

Hyperlipidemia

86
Q

Action of antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors

A

Inhibits the HMG-CoA enzymes which help make cholesterol
(These drugs help lower total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels. Some effects on raising HDL

87
Q

Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors contraindications (3)

A

Grapefruit
Some cardiac drugs (Amio, Cardizem, & Verapamil)
Some antibiotics/antifungals

88
Q

Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors adverse reactions (4)

A

GI upset
Rashes
Muscle pain
Liver problems

89
Q

What should be monitor with Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors (9)

A

Total cholesterol
HDL & LDL
AST, ALT, & CPK
Vitamins A, D, & K

90
Q

Report ___ with Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors

A

Unusual muscle soreness

91
Q

Check ___ regularly (Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors pt. education)

A

Liver enzymes

92
Q

Take Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors with ___ or ___

A

Meals or 8 ounces of water

93
Q

Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors may interact with ___ & ___

A

Contraceptives & antibiotics

94
Q

Report changes in ____ (Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors pt. education)

A

Urine color

95
Q

Take Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors ___ before or ___ after a meal to avoid absorption issues.

A

1 hour before or 4 hours after

96
Q

Patients on Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA inhibitors need to have a ____ & ___ plan

A

Diet & exercise plan

97
Q

Assess ____ & ___ before & after administering (all cardiac medications)

A

Blood pressure & pulse

98
Q

Assess for ____ before ambulating (all cardiac medications)

A

Orthostatic hypotension

99
Q

Pt. may feel ___ with all BP medications

A

Fatigue

100
Q

All cardiac medications can cause ___ or___

A

Low BP or low HR

101
Q

Start ___ after discontinuing an epidural (all cardiac medications)

A

6 hours

102
Q

Teach pt. how to ___ and when to call the MD. (all cardiac medications)

A

Obtain vitals

103
Q

Change ____ & ___ (all cardiac medications)

A

Positions slowly & lifestyle (changes)

104
Q

Avoid ____ , ___, & ____ (all cardiac medications)

A

Alcohol, hot baths, & hot tubs

105
Q

If you miss a dose _____ (all cardiac medications)

A

Call your primary care doctor

106
Q

Keep a journal with your ___ (all cardiac medications)

A

BP checks

107
Q

May cause ___ (all cardiac medications)

A

Impotence

108
Q

Take at night as it may cause ____(all cardiac medications)

A

Drowsiness

109
Q

Alpha-1 blockers drug names (4)

A

doxazosin (Cardura)
prazosin (Minipres)
terazosin (Hytrin)
tamsulosin (Flowmax) (used in BPH)

110
Q

Reason for taking alpha-1 blockers

A

Hypertension

111
Q

Action of alpha-1 blockers

A

Dilates arterial & venous blood vessels by blocking alpha -1 receptors

112
Q

Alpha -1 blockers contraindications (2)

A

Caution with other CNS depressants
Caution with MOAI’s, kidney, or renal failure

113
Q

Alpha -1 blockers adverse reactions (5)

A

First dose effect
Dizziness
Tachycardia
Headache
Nasal congestion

114
Q

Monitor fo CNS depression with alpha -1 blockers because it blocks ___ and ___

A

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

115
Q

Alpha -1 blockers may take ___ before you see results

A

1 to 2 weeks

116
Q

Alpha -1 blockers capsule is excreated in ___

A

Stool (teach pt)

117
Q

Why does the MD need to be notified if a pt. on alpha -1 blockers is having cataract surgery?

A

Iris may not stay dilated

118
Q

_____ causes smooth muscle relaxation in the bladder

A

Flomax

119
Q

Ace inhibitor (most common & safest) drug names (2)

A

captopril (Capton)
enalapril (Vasotec)

120
Q

Reason for taking Ace inhibitor

A

Hypertension
- especially in pt. with heart failure and DM

121
Q

Action of ace inhibitors

A

Prevents the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II in the lungs

122
Q

If angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction & releases aldosterone, when we prevent that conversion, what happens?

A

Vasodilation & stops aldosterone = kidneys release NA & H2O = volume loss= decreases BP

123
Q

Ace inhibitors adverse reactions (3)

A

Dry hacking cough
Angioedema
Hyperkalemia

124
Q

When should the patient notify their doctor? (Ace inhibitors)

A

When you notice a chronic dry cough

125
Q

What labs would you check for this medication? And why? (Ace inhibitors)

A

Serum potassium (heart uses less potassium = K+ stays in serum) and BUN, Creat

126
Q

Take ace inhibitors __ before meals

A

1 hour

127
Q

What foods need to be avoided and why? (Ace inhibitors)

A

Tomatoes, bananas, spinach, etc. (high in potassium), because Ace inhibitors decrease potassium usage

128
Q

Why can ace inhibitors cause a change in taste?

A

NA release

129
Q

How do ace inhibitors protect the kidneys?

A

Decreases GFR & Decreases proteinuria (elevated protein levels in kidney = blockages)

130
Q

Angiotensinrenin blockers drug names (2)

A

Valsartan (Diovan)
Irbesartan (Avapro)

131
Q

Reason for taking angiotensinrenin blockers

A

Hypertension (especially pt. who experience a cough with Ace inhibitors)

132
Q

Action of angiotensinrenin blockers

A

Binds with angiotensin II receptors in smooth muscle and blocks vasoconstriction and aldosterone release (BV remains open and NA & H20 is lost)
Similar to ACE except skips the step in the lungs and instead works in the blood vessels, essentially preventing the cough

133
Q

Angiotensinrenin blockers contraindications (2)

A

Pregnancy/breastfeeding
Renal/hepatic failure

134
Q

Angiotensinrenin blockers adverse reactions (3)

A

Dry mouth
Dizzy
Hypoglycemia (role it plays in kidney)

135
Q

Angiotensinrenin blockers caution if taking with ___ (role it plays in kidneys)

A

Digoxin

136
Q

Which labs are important to monitor with angiotensinrenin blockers?

A

BUN, Create, AST/ALT, & Serum glucose

137
Q

Beta blocker drug names (3)

A

metoprolol (Lopressor)
atenolol (Tenormin)
propranolol (Inderal)

138
Q

Reason for taking beta-blockers (3)

A

Hypertension
Heart Failure
Angina r/t (MI)

139
Q

Action of beta-blockers

A

Blocks beta receptors which decrease effects of epinephrine & norepinephrine

140
Q

What do beta receptors do?

A

Increase HR, Increase Bp so if blocked = decrease HR & BP

141
Q

Beta-blockers contraindications (3)

A

Heart blocks
Sick sinus syndrome (SA node not effective = HR slow followed by pauses and increase HR)
Bradycardia syndrome

142
Q

Beta-blockers adverse reactions (3)

A

Rebound hypertension
Fatigue
Cold hands & feet

143
Q

What do you check before administering beta-blockers?

A

Bp & apical pulse

144
Q

Patient HR is 45 bpm, what should you do if anything (beta-blockers)?

A

Hold & notify MD for orders.
Rule <60 hold

145
Q

Pt. should take beta-blockers at __

A

The same time everyday

146
Q

Diabetics on beta blockers need to __, Why?

A

Monitor glucose
interferes with insulin production = lower BS

147
Q

Calcium channel blockers drug name

A

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

148
Q

Reason for taking amlodipine (3)

A

Hypertension
Heart Failure
Angina r/t (MI)

149
Q

Action of amlodipine

A

Blocks calcium from entering cells causing blood vessels to relax

150
Q

amlodipine adverse reactions (3)

A

Gingival hyperplasia (swollen gums)
Warm, flush skin
Prolonged Headaches

151
Q

What lab would you monitor for amlodipine?

A

Serum calcium

152
Q

When should pt. on amlodipine notify their MD?

A

If gums become swollen

153
Q

Take amlodipine ___

A

As directed

154
Q

Nitrates drug name

A

Nitroglycerin (NTG)

155
Q

Reason for taking nitroglycerin

A

Acute angina

156
Q

Action of nitroglycerin

A

Dilates blood vessels by relaxing smooth muscles

157
Q

Nitroglycerin contraindications (4)

A

Anemia
Closed-angle glaucoma
Severe head injury
Use of erectile dysfunction medication (sildenafil) Viagra

158
Q

Nitroglycerin adverse reactions (4)

A

Hypotension
Severe headache
Tachycardia
Skin irritation from topical

159
Q

How is SL nitroglycerin administered?

A

Under the tongue, BP after 5 min, gives another, etc.

160
Q

What do I educate my pt. when starting nitroglycerin?

A

Keep in cool, dark space, Keep a fresh supply on hand (no > 3 months old), Stop and sit immediately, One tablet under tongue, Then call EMS, Do not drive to hospital, Causes severe headache, Will feel tingling under tongue when fresh

161
Q

What class of medication do I want to caution my male patients about taking with nitroglycerin?

A

Erectile Dysfunction, (sildenafil -fil)

162
Q

Alpha 2 agonist drug name

A

clonidine (Catapres)

163
Q

Reason for taking clonidine (2)

A

Hypertension & Opioid withdrawal

164
Q

Action of clonidine

A

Stimulates alpha 2 receptors in the brain, which inhibits the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
without epi = BV dilate

165
Q

Clonidine contraindications (3)

A

Acute HF
MAOI’s (decreases effect of clonidine)
Severe liver disease

166
Q

Clonidine adverse reactions (5)

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Fatigue
Dizziness
Rebound hypertension
Dry mouth

167
Q

What causes rebound hypertension with clonidine?

A

If you stop taking this medication abruptly

168
Q

Why is clonidine cautioned in the elderly?

A

Increase risk of orthostatic hypotension

169
Q

What can pt. on clonidine do for dry mouth?

A

Frequent sips of water or sugarless gum

170
Q

Cardiac glycoside drug names

A

Lanoxin (Digoxin)

171
Q

Reason for taking Digoxin

A

Treats ventricular rhythms like atrial fibrillation

172
Q

Action of Digoxin

A

Inhibits the sodium and potassium pump. This slows the impulse from the SA node to the AV node.
Also increases force of contraction.

173
Q

Digoxin contraindications (2)

A

Low potassium levels & renal problems

174
Q

Digoxin adverse reactions (3)

A

Vision changes
Dizziness
Headache

175
Q

Give IV Digoxin over ___

A

5 minutes

176
Q

What labs do you need to monitor with Digoxin?

A

Digoxin level (0.5 to 2 nanograms/mL), serum potassium (low, call MD first)

177
Q

What is the concern if the potassium level is low? (Digoxin)

A

Increases risk of Dig toxicity

178
Q

Pt. on Digoxin has confusion, seeing spots & halos, and a potassium level >5. What do you suspect is happening?

A

Dig toxicity

179
Q

What are you going to prepare to administer for pt. with Dig toxicity?

A

Digoxin immune fab (Digifab)

180
Q

Assess ___ before administering Digoxin? Hold for __

A

The apical pulse for a full minute.
Hold for HR <60

HGTC Pharmacology NUR 161 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions