Exam #4 Part 4 Flashcards
Elastic Demand
Draw it!
Inelastic Demand
Draw it!
The Pricing Process (6)
- Analyze market conditions
- Identify constraints
- Establish objectives
- Analyze profit potential
- Determine initial price levels
- Adjust and manage prices
Major Pricing Objectives (9)
- Maximum current profit
- Maximum current sales growth
- Maximum current revenue
- Product-quality leadership
- Survival
- Positioning in consumer minds
- Partial cost recovery
- Full-cost recovery
- Social price
Qualitative Measures of Price Sensitivity (9)
- Customer expectations
- Unique value
- Substitute awareness
- Difficult comparison
- Total expenditure
- Contribution to overall benefit
- Shared cost
- Sunk investments
- Price-quality associations
Customer expectations
Expect to pay
Unique value
Can’t be found elsewhere
Substitute awareness
Viable?
Difficult comparison
Experience/credence
Total expenditure
Total cost - 10% discount
Contribution to overall benefit
Steelcase
Shared cost
Insurance
Sunk investments
Accountants, lawyers
Price-quality associations
Get what you pay for
Demand Based Pricing Techniques (9)
- Value pricing
- Skim pricing
- Penetration pricing
- Prestige pricing
- Odd-even pricing
- Price-lining
- Unit pricing
- Bundle Pricing
- Demand-backwards pricing
Value pricing
Adopting a lower price while maintaining the product’s basic value
Skim pricing
Charge a high price for an innovative or unique new product
Penetration pricing
Sets a lower price with a specific intention of gaining market share
Prestige pricing
Price to help you position a product as high quality or exclusive
Odd-even pricing
Uses specific numbers for psychological effect
Price-lining
Establishing a number of price levels covering a product line
Unit pricing
Price shown by some standard of measure
Bundle Pricing
Offer a package price for a group of related goods/services
Demand-backwards pricing
Starts with an assessment of price customers are willing to pay
Competitive Pricing Moves (4)
- Cooperative Pricing
- Adaptive Pricing
- Opportunistic Pricing
- Predatory Pricing
Cooperative Pricing
non-explicit agreement on pricing
Adaptive Pricing
smaller competitors
Opportunistic Pricing
initiate price cuts or delay increases
Predatory Pricing
set prices at low levels to inflict damage
Signaling
sending messages to competitors
Price War
Competitors constantly try to beat prices