Exam 4 - GI Diarrhea Flashcards
Diarrhea definition?
Increase in stool frequency and decrease of consistency compared to baseline.
Diarrhea causes an imbalance of what?
Imbalance in absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes in GI tract
3 types of diarrhea?
Acute, Persistent, Chronic
How long does Acute Diarrhea last for? Causes?
3-7 days. Viral or bacterial.
How long does Persistent Diarrhea last for?
14-30 days
How long does Chronic Diarrhea last for? Causes?
More than 4 weeks.
IBD, IBS, and Diabetic Neuropathy
IBD, IBS, and Diabetic Neuropathy cause what type of diarrhea?
Chronic Diarrhea
Which three main meds cause diarrhea?
- Antibiotics, esp Augmentin
- Antacids with Magnesium
- Quinide
Do you want to stop a PT from having diarrhea?
Not necessarily. Let C-diff continue pooping to get it out.
Weight, serum osmolality, serum electrolytes, CBC, UC, and cultures are useful in assessing what?
Dehydration
Community Acquired diarrhea usually caused by what?
Viral illness
Causes of Travelers Diarrhea
Viral or bacterial
Range when Travelers Diarrhea sets in?
5-15 days after arrival
How is Community Acquired Diarrhea treated?
Oral rehydration, bismuth, Loperamide
When do use Probiotics?
Only in Post-ABX diarrhea
TX for Travelers Diarrhea?
Rehydration, Bismuth, Loperamide, Abx
Prophylaxis for Travelers Diarrhea?
Bismuth, ABX (Cipro or Azithromycin)
Antimotility MOA and use?
Stimulates intestinal Mu-opioid receptors, inhibits ACh. Decreases intestinal motility, liquid flow, and vagal tone. Increases intestinal absorption and gut transport time.
Acute and Chronic diarrhea.
Antimotility CI and warning?
CI: Bloody and infections diarrhea
Warn: Addiction potential d/t being opioid derivative. Don’t use in less than 6 y/o.
Examples of Antimotility agents?
Loperamide (Imodium), Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil), Deodorized tincture of Opium, Dicylomine (Bentyl)
Adsorbent MOA and use?
Adsorbs bacteria, toxins, and fluids. Decrease stool liquidity and frequency.
Travelers diarrhea.
Adsorbent warning and ADR? Example?
Limited ADR d/t minimal absorption. Decreases Warfarin absorption.
Kaolin-Pectin (Kaopectate)
Antisecretory MOA and uses?
Modify fluid/electrolyte transport. Adsorbent, antiinflammatory, and antibacterial. Slows motility.
Travelers diarrhea. Gastric tumors.
Antisecretory warn and ADR?
Warn: Black tongue and stool, hyperglycemia, impaired fat absorption
Examples or antisecretory agents?
Pepto-Bismol, Octreotide
Octreotide used for what? Dose does what to motility?
Gastric tumors.
Low dose=increase motility
High dose=decrease motility
Microflora MOA and uses?
Nonpathologic bacteria to restore normal intestinal flora.
ABX-associated diarhrea
Which drug reduces warfarin absorption?
Kaolin-Pectin, Adsorbent.
Which class is an opioid derivative?
Antimotility
Tx for watery diarrhea with mild illness?
Loperamide/Immodium
Tx for Travel Associated Diarrhea?
Bismuth or Loperamide or ABX
Tx for ABX-associated diarrhea?
Loperamide for one day only. Switch ABX or probiotics.
Tx for diarrhea with fever, blood, and mucous in stool?
Avoid ALL antidiarrheals. Likely C-diff and need to poop it out.