Exam 1 - Hypertension Flashcards
What is the definition of hypertension for systolic and diastolic?
Systolic greater than 140, Diastolic greater than 90
What is the lifetime risk of HTN?
90%
What is the ratio of adults who have HTN?
1 in 3
What are some risk factors for developing HTN?
Cigarette smoking, Obesity (BMI above 30), physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, DM, renal dysfunction, men over 55 y/o, women over 65 y/o, family history of premature cardiovascular dz
What are the two types of Hypertension?
Essential Hypertension (90% of cases), Secondary Hypertension (10%)
What is the most common type of HTN?
Essential HTN
What is a strong component of Essential HTN?
Hereditary component
What are two common causes of Secondary HTN?
CKD, renovascular dz
Secondary HTN makes up what percentage of cases?
10%
Systolic BP represents what?
Cardiac contraction. Amount of blood pumped out by ventricles (cardiac output)
What is Cardiac Output and what number represents it?
Amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles. Represented by Systolic BP.
What does Diastolic BP represent?
Number that represents nadir (lowest point). Filling of heart with blood. Sum of peripheral resistance in peripheral vasculature.
What is happening in the heart during Diastole?
Filling of heart with blood
Sum of peripheral resistance in peripheral vasculature is represented by what measurment?
Diastolic BP
What is Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)?
Sum of peripheral resistance in peripheral vasculature. Measured by Diastolic BP.
What guidelines are used in the treatment of HTN?
JNC 8
In a PT over 60 y/o what is the target BP?
150/90 or less
In a PT younger than 60 y/o what is the target BP?
140/90 or less
What is the target BP for any patient who has with DM or CKD?
140/90 or less
What are some non-pharmacological therapies in treating HTN?
Stop smoking, weight loss (biggest impact 5-10mmHg decrease per 10kg loss), increase physical activity, DASH diet, sodium restriction, limit EtOH to 2 a day or less
A majority of PTs will need how many medications to reach their goal?
2
What are the main four first-line options for treating HTN?
ACE-I, ARB, CCBs, Thiazide Diuretics
What two first line treatments are not used in African-Americans?
ACE-I, ARB
If PT has DM or CKD what are the two first line treatments even if they are African American?
ARB, ACE-I