Exam 2 - Anticoagulants

Question 1

What does VTE stand for?

Answer 1

Venous Thromboembolism

Question 2

What are the two “color” types of thrombi?

Answer 2

Red and White

Question 3

What are White thrombi rich in and where found?

Answer 3

Platelet rich. Found in arteries. Like atheroslcerosis fatty plaques.

Question 4

What two things are are Red thrombi rich in and where found?

Answer 4

Rich in Fibrin and RBCs. Found in veins.

Question 5

Red thrombi happens when what sticks together? What is the consistency like?

Answer 5

Blood sticks together. Jelly like.

Question 6

What are the two main locations of Thromboemboli? Which is more dangerous?

Answer 6

1. Proximal=more dangerous as easier access to great vessels
2. Distal=less dangerous as has further to travel

Question 7

Where does a PE happen and what does it cause to the blood?

Answer 7

Happens in lungs. Prevents oxygenation to blood in lungs.

Question 8

Is a DVT proximal or distal? Is it painful?

Answer 8

Distal. Can be very painful.

Question 9

What are the three categories of antithrombotics?

Answer 9

1. Antiplatelets
2. Anticoagulants
3. Fibrinolytics

Question 10

Antiplatelet medications work by interfering with platelet being ____?

Answer 10

Activated

Question 11

What are the three mediators of platelet aggregation?

Answer 11

1. TXA2
2. ADP
3. 5-HT

Question 12

What are the three targets of antiplatelet drug therapy?

Answer 12

1. TXA2
2. ADP
3. GPIIb/IIIar
   (make cards for these three knowing where and what in the platelet pathway they work)

Question 13

What are the three pathways of the Coagulation Cascade and what activates them?

Answer 13

1. Intrinsic Pathway, activated by damaged cells
2. Extrinsic Pathway, activated by damaged blood vessels
3. Common pathway where Intrinsic and Extrinsic meet (Xa)

Question 14

What activated the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of the Coagulation Cascade.

Answer 14

Extrinsic=Trauma to vessels

Intrinsic=Damaged cells, damaged surface

Question 15

What sorts of things can activate the Intrinsic Pathway?

Answer 15

Damaged tissue leads to formation/tiggering of clots in body. Stasis, cancer, malignancy, drug-induced (birth control), smoking, age all increase risk of forming clot through instrinsic pathway. Leads to VTEs.

Question 16

Where does the Common Pathway begin and what is the “overall mediator”?

Answer 16

Common pathway begins at Xa, the overall mediator.

Question 17

What is the function of Xa? What triggers Xa?

Answer 17

Tells Prothrombin (II) to turn into Thrombin (IIa), tells body to form clot. Damage internal or external triggers Xa. “10a hits thrombin and thrombin forms a clot”

Question 18

Prothrombin aka?

Answer 18

Factor II

Question 19

Thrombin aka?

Answer 19

Factor IIa

Question 20

Factor Xa triggers the conversion of ____ to ____.

Answer 20

Factor II to Factor IIa (Prothrombin to Thrombin)

Question 21

Fibrinogen and Fibrin aka?

Answer 21

Fibrinogen=I

Fibrinogen=Ia

Question 22

What converts Fibrinogen to Fibrin?

Answer 22

Thrombin (IIa)

Question 23

What is Thrombin’s factor number and what does it convert?

Answer 23

Thrombin=IIa.
Converts Fibrinogen (Ia) to Fibrin (I).

Question 24

Inhibiting Fibrin formation results in what?

Answer 24

Stopping Fibrin (I) formation results in no clot.

Question 25

What are the main two steps in the Common Pathway?

Answer 25

1. Prothrombin (II) to Thrombin (IIa), which converts | 2. Fibrinogen (I) to Fibrin (Ia)

Question 26

In the Extrinsic Factor tissue trauma causes Tissue Factor to convert two other factors in order to turn on Prothrombin-activator. What are those two conversions?

Answer 26

1. VII to VIIa | 2. X to Xa

Question 27

Which factors are involved in the Intrinsic Pathway?

Answer 27

12, 11, 9, 10 (in order)

Question 28

What are the four important factors to remember about the coagulation cascade?

Answer 28

``` 2, 7, 9, 10 Seven Nine O(Ten) Two ```

Question 29

What are the common targets or anticoagulation therapy?

Answer 29

Warfarin=hits 2, 7, 9, 10, Heparin, Enoxaparin, Fondoaparinux=F2a/F10a

Question 30

The tests PT and PTT are often used when which common anticoagulant is being used?

Answer 30

Heparin

Question 31

The INR test is used when which anticoagulant is being used?

Answer 31

Warfarin

Question 32

PT measures which four factors?

Answer 32

2, 7, 9, 10

Question 33

PTT is able to measure which seven factors?

Answer 33

2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12

Question 34

Do PT and PTT vary from hospital to hospital? Does INR vary?

Answer 34

Yes, but INR doesn't.

Question 35

got up to slide 21 on 6/6/16. pick up from there.

Answer 35

got up to slide 21 on 6/6/16. pick up from there.