Exam 2 - Anticoagulants Flashcards
What does VTE stand for?
Venous Thromboembolism
What are the two “color” types of thrombi?
Red and White
What are White thrombi rich in and where found?
Platelet rich. Found in arteries. Like atheroslcerosis fatty plaques.
What two things are are Red thrombi rich in and where found?
Rich in Fibrin and RBCs. Found in veins.
Red thrombi happens when what sticks together? What is the consistency like?
Blood sticks together. Jelly like.
What are the two main locations of Thromboemboli? Which is more dangerous?
- Proximal=more dangerous as easier access to great vessels
- Distal=less dangerous as has further to travel
Where does a PE happen and what does it cause to the blood?
Happens in lungs. Prevents oxygenation to blood in lungs.
Is a DVT proximal or distal? Is it painful?
Distal. Can be very painful.
What are the three categories of antithrombotics?
- Antiplatelets
- Anticoagulants
- Fibrinolytics
Antiplatelet medications work by interfering with platelet being ____?
Activated
What are the three mediators of platelet aggregation?
- TXA2
- ADP
- 5-HT
What are the three targets of antiplatelet drug therapy?
- TXA2
- ADP
- GPIIb/IIIar
(make cards for these three knowing where and what in the platelet pathway they work)
What are the three pathways of the Coagulation Cascade and what activates them?
- Intrinsic Pathway, activated by damaged cells
- Extrinsic Pathway, activated by damaged blood vessels
- Common pathway where Intrinsic and Extrinsic meet (Xa)
What activated the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of the Coagulation Cascade.
Extrinsic=Trauma to vessels
Intrinsic=Damaged cells, damaged surface
What sorts of things can activate the Intrinsic Pathway?
Damaged tissue leads to formation/tiggering of clots in body. Stasis, cancer, malignancy, drug-induced (birth control), smoking, age all increase risk of forming clot through instrinsic pathway. Leads to VTEs.
Where does the Common Pathway begin and what is the “overall mediator”?
Common pathway begins at Xa, the overall mediator.
What is the function of Xa? What triggers Xa?
Tells Prothrombin (II) to turn into Thrombin (IIa), tells body to form clot. Damage internal or external triggers Xa. “10a hits thrombin and thrombin forms a clot”
Prothrombin aka?
Factor II
Thrombin aka?
Factor IIa
Factor Xa triggers the conversion of ____ to ____.
Factor II to Factor IIa (Prothrombin to Thrombin)
Fibrinogen and Fibrin aka?
Fibrinogen=I
Fibrinogen=Ia
What converts Fibrinogen to Fibrin?
Thrombin (IIa)
What is Thrombin’s factor number and what does it convert?
Thrombin=IIa. Converts Fibrinogen (Ia) to Fibrin (I).
Inhibiting Fibrin formation results in what?
Stopping Fibrin (I) formation results in no clot.
What are the main two steps in the Common Pathway?
- Prothrombin (II) to Thrombin (IIa), which converts
2. Fibrinogen (I) to Fibrin (Ia)
In the Extrinsic Factor tissue trauma causes Tissue Factor to convert two other factors in order to turn on Prothrombin-activator. What are those two conversions?
- VII to VIIa
2. X to Xa
Which factors are involved in the Intrinsic Pathway?
12, 11, 9, 10 (in order)
What are the four important factors to remember about the coagulation cascade?
2, 7, 9, 10 Seven Nine O(Ten) Two
What are the common targets or anticoagulation therapy?
Warfarin=hits 2, 7, 9, 10,
Heparin, Enoxaparin, Fondoaparinux=F2a/F10a
The tests PT and PTT are often used when which common anticoagulant is being used?
Heparin
The INR test is used when which anticoagulant is being used?
Warfarin
PT measures which four factors?
2, 7, 9, 10
PTT is able to measure which seven factors?
2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
Do PT and PTT vary from hospital to hospital? Does INR vary?
Yes, but INR doesn’t.
got up to slide 21 on 6/6/16. pick up from there.
got up to slide 21 on 6/6/16. pick up from there.
