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Pharmacology 2 > Exam 2 - Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q

What does VTE stand for?

A

Venous Thromboembolism

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2
Q

What are the two “color” types of thrombi?

A

Red and White

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3
Q

What are White thrombi rich in and where found?

A

Platelet rich. Found in arteries. Like atheroslcerosis fatty plaques.

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4
Q

What two things are are Red thrombi rich in and where found?

A

Rich in Fibrin and RBCs. Found in veins.

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5
Q

Red thrombi happens when what sticks together? What is the consistency like?

A

Blood sticks together. Jelly like.

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6
Q

What are the two main locations of Thromboemboli? Which is more dangerous?

A
  1. Proximal=more dangerous as easier access to great vessels
  2. Distal=less dangerous as has further to travel
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7
Q

Where does a PE happen and what does it cause to the blood?

A

Happens in lungs. Prevents oxygenation to blood in lungs.

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8
Q

Is a DVT proximal or distal? Is it painful?

A

Distal. Can be very painful.

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9
Q

What are the three categories of antithrombotics?

A
  1. Antiplatelets
  2. Anticoagulants
  3. Fibrinolytics
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10
Q

Antiplatelet medications work by interfering with platelet being ____?

A

Activated

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11
Q

What are the three mediators of platelet aggregation?

A
  1. TXA2
  2. ADP
  3. 5-HT
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12
Q

What are the three targets of antiplatelet drug therapy?

A
  1. TXA2
  2. ADP
  3. GPIIb/IIIar
    (make cards for these three knowing where and what in the platelet pathway they work)
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13
Q

What are the three pathways of the Coagulation Cascade and what activates them?

A
  1. Intrinsic Pathway, activated by damaged cells
  2. Extrinsic Pathway, activated by damaged blood vessels
  3. Common pathway where Intrinsic and Extrinsic meet (Xa)
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14
Q

What activated the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of the Coagulation Cascade.

A

Extrinsic=Trauma to vessels

Intrinsic=Damaged cells, damaged surface

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15
Q

What sorts of things can activate the Intrinsic Pathway?

A

Damaged tissue leads to formation/tiggering of clots in body. Stasis, cancer, malignancy, drug-induced (birth control), smoking, age all increase risk of forming clot through instrinsic pathway. Leads to VTEs.

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16
Q

Where does the Common Pathway begin and what is the “overall mediator”?

A

Common pathway begins at Xa, the overall mediator.

17
Q

What is the function of Xa? What triggers Xa?

A

Tells Prothrombin (II) to turn into Thrombin (IIa), tells body to form clot. Damage internal or external triggers Xa. “10a hits thrombin and thrombin forms a clot”

18
Q

Prothrombin aka?

A

Factor II

19
Q

Thrombin aka?

A

Factor IIa

20
Q

Factor Xa triggers the conversion of ____ to ____.

A

Factor II to Factor IIa (Prothrombin to Thrombin)

21
Q

Fibrinogen and Fibrin aka?

A

Fibrinogen=I

Fibrinogen=Ia

22
Q

What converts Fibrinogen to Fibrin?

A

Thrombin (IIa)

23
Q

What is Thrombin’s factor number and what does it convert?

A 
Thrombin=IIa.
Converts Fibrinogen (Ia) to Fibrin (I).
24
Q

Inhibiting Fibrin formation results in what?

A

Stopping Fibrin (I) formation results in no clot.

25
Q

What are the main two steps in the Common Pathway?

A
  1. Prothrombin (II) to Thrombin (IIa), which converts

2. Fibrinogen (I) to Fibrin (Ia)

26
Q

In the Extrinsic Factor tissue trauma causes Tissue Factor to convert two other factors in order to turn on Prothrombin-activator. What are those two conversions?

A
  1. VII to VIIa

2. X to Xa

27
Q

Which factors are involved in the Intrinsic Pathway?

A

12, 11, 9, 10 (in order)

28
Q

What are the four important factors to remember about the coagulation cascade?

A 
2, 7, 9, 10
Seven
Nine
O(Ten)
Two
29
Q

What are the common targets or anticoagulation therapy?

A

Warfarin=hits 2, 7, 9, 10,

Heparin, Enoxaparin, Fondoaparinux=F2a/F10a

30
Q

The tests PT and PTT are often used when which common anticoagulant is being used?

A

Heparin

31
Q

The INR test is used when which anticoagulant is being used?

A

Warfarin

32
Q

PT measures which four factors?

A

2, 7, 9, 10

33
Q

PTT is able to measure which seven factors?

A

2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12

34
Q

Do PT and PTT vary from hospital to hospital? Does INR vary?

A

Yes, but INR doesn’t.

35
Q

got up to slide 21 on 6/6/16. pick up from there.

A

got up to slide 21 on 6/6/16. pick up from there.

Pharmacology 2 (17 decks)

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