Exam 4 FRQ

Question 1

replication initiation

Answer 1

begins at the origin of rep. (short stretch of DNA that has specific nucleotide sequences). Proteins initiate DNA replication sperate the two strands of DNA which open a replication bubble. At each end of the replication bubble there is a replication fork

Question 2

transcription initiation

Answer 2

the transcription factors mediate the RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter (TATA box) sequence of DNA. DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA for the initiation to start transcribing the template strand

Question 3

control gene expression: Control Elements

Answer 3

Segments on noncoding DNA where proteins called transcription factors bind to

Question 4

control gene expression: enhancer

Answer 4

Regulatory DNA sequence that enhances the transcription of the associated gene when it is bound by specific transcription factor proteins

Question 5

RNA splicing

Answer 5

mRNA can be cut into smaller pieces and rearranged before it’s used to make protein. Occurs at the end of the transcription process.

Question 6

control gene expression: exons

Answer 6

Coding parts of mRNA that has instructions to make proteins. Kept during splicing

Question 7

control gene expression: introns

Answer 7

Non-coding parts of mRNA that is not used to make protein that is cut out and removed from the RNA between transcription and translation

Question 8

control gene expression: DNA chromatin

Answer 8

packages DNA into a unit to fit within the nucleus. Condensness and shape dictate gene expression

Question 9

control gene expression: histone acetylation

Answer 9

adding acetyl group to the amino acid at histone tail. promotes transcription by opening up chromatin structure