Exam 4 (Fall 2013)

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Question 2

symptoms of ADHD

Answer 2

Extreme inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity.

Question 3

evidence for environmental influences on psychological disorders

Answer 3

Roles, expectations, definitions of normality and disorder.

Question 4

How does the biopsychosocial model relate to psychological disorders?

Answer 4

The approach recognizes that mind and body and inseparable. It helps assess genetic predispositions, physiological states and social/cultural circumstances.

Question 5

Medical model

Answer 5

concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through treatment

Question 6

How do mental health professionals diagnose mental disorders?

Answer 6

Through assessments, interviews, observations, and the DSM-IV-TR

Question 7

DSM-IV-TR

Answer 7

a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Question 8

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 8

worrying about many things, autonomic arousal, trembling, sweating, sleep abruption. Anxiety interferes with concentration.

Question 9

Specific phobias

Answer 9

uncontrollable, irrational, intense desire to avoid some object/situation

Question 10

Panic disorder

Answer 10

repeated and unexpected panic attack, fear of the next panic attack, change in behavior to avoid panic attack.

Question 11

OCD

Answer 11

intense, unwanted worries, ideas and images that repeatedly pop up

Question 12

PTSD

Answer 12

intense memories, repeated intrusive recall of those memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, phobic avoidance, jumpy anxiety, hyper vigilant.

Question 13

Agoraphobia

Answer 13

avoidance of situations in which one will fear having a panic attack.

Question 14

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 14

people repress intolerable impulses, ideas and feelings that this submerged energy sometimes produce mystifying symptoms, such as anxiety.

Question 15

Learning theories

Answer 15

observational learning (what others fear), interpretations and irrational beliefs, cause anxiety

Question 16

Biological theory

Answer 16

natural selection (our ancestors’ threats), genes (high strung temperament), the brain, cause anxiety.

Question 17

Post-traumatic growth

Answer 17

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

Question 18

Major depressive disorder

Answer 18

depressed mood most of the day, diminished interest or pleasure in activities, significant increase or decrease in appetite and weight, insomnia or sleeping too much, recurring thoughts about death or suicide.

Question 19

Bipolar disorder

Answer 19

alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (manic depressive disorder)

Question 20

different theories as to why people develop mood disorders.

Answer 20

Genetic influences: disorders run in families
Depressed brain and neurotransmitters
Learned helplessness

Question 21

What makes people more or less vulnerable to developing PTSD?

Answer 21

Those with less control in situations
Those who get traumatized more frequently
Those with brain differences
Those with less resiliency (the ability to adapt)
Those who gets re-traumatized.

Question 22

types of thinking that are associated with Depression.

Answer 22

Explain bad events in stable, global, and internal terms. Respond in a self-focused, self-blaming way.

Question 23

rates of suicide and self-injury for various populations.

Answer 23

National: Britain, Italy, Spain, suicide rates are a little more than half those of Canada, Australia, USA. Austria and Finland are about double the suicide rate.
Racial: In the US, whites kill themselves twice as often as blacks.
Gender: women are more likely to attempt but men are more likely to actually end their lives.
Other: suicide rates higher among the rich, nonreligious, single, widowed, or divorced.
Day of the week: 25% of suicides occur on Wednesdays.

Question 24

Paranoid schizophrenia-

Answer 24

preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity.

Question 25

Disorganized schizophrenia

Answer 25

disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion

Question 26

Catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 26

immobility or excessive purposeless movements, extreme negativism, parrot-like repeating of another’s speech or movement.

Question 27

Positive symptoms

Answer 27

presence of problematic behaviors.

Question 28

Negative symptoms

Answer 28

absence of healthy behaviors

Question 29

Understand some of the brain research involved in the study of Anxiety Disorders

Answer 29

Elevated brain activity in specific areas. Fear-learning experiences that traumatize the brain can also create fear circuits within the amygdala.

Question 30

early warning signs of schizophrenia

Answer 30

Flu epidemic in the country
Densely populated areas where viral diseases spread more readily
People born in winter and spring months, after flu season.
People in the Southern hemisphere.
Mothers who were sick with influenza
Mothers who have blood that suggest a higher level of antibodies.

Question 31

brain and other physical differences in people with Schizophrenia.

Answer 31

Abnormally low brain activity in the frontal lobe. Decline in brain waves that reflect synchronized mural firing in the frontal lobes. Enlarged, fluid-filled areas of the brain and corresponding shrinkage of the cerebral tissues.

Question 32

Dissociative disorders

Answer 32

conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts and feelings.

Question 33

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 33

a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities (multiple personality disorder)

Question 34

Personality disorder

Answer 34

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impure social functioning

Question 35

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 35

person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family.

Question 36

Psychoanalysis

Answer 36

Freud’s therapeutic technique. The patient’s free association, resistances, dreams, and tranferences and the therapist’s interpretation of them release previously repressed feelings, allowing patient to gain self-insight.

Question 37

Humanistic therapies

Answer 37

aims to boost people’s self-fulfillment by helping them grow in self awareness and self-acceptance, taking immediate responsibility for one’s feelings and actions, rather than uncovering hidden determinants. Present more important than the past. Conscious thoughts are more important than the unconscious.

Question 38

Behavior therapy

Answer 38

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Question 39

Cognitive therapies

Answer 39

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Question 40

What are some common ways to determine whether therapy is effective, and what are some limitations to those methods?

Answer 40

Client is satisfied
Client senses improvement
Therapist sees improvement
Observable, measurable change in initial symptoms
Limitations: client might lie to get out of therapy, therapists protecting their reputation or prolonging sessions for money

Question 41

What common factors are found in nearly all effective therapies?

Answer 41

Hope. A new perspective. Therapeutic alliance

Question 42

Resilience

Answer 42

personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.

Question 43

Psychopharmacology

Answer 43

the study if the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.