Exam 4 - Evolution of Humans and Animals

Question 1

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a

Answer 1

Colonial flagellated protist

Question 2

What is the simplest of the organisms to contain proto-tissues?

Answer 2

Porifera

Question 3

Bilaterally symmetrical animals can be divided into two major groups that separated during the Cambrian. These two lineages differ fundamentally in their

Answer 3

Early embryonic development

Question 4

Which characteristic is NOT found in annelids?

Answer 4

An exoskeleton

Question 5

What is the main difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom?

Answer 5

A coelom is enclosed by muscle on the inside and the outside; a pseudocoelom is surrounded by muscle on the outside of the body cavity

Question 6

You go to the seafood market and buy a box of what are labeled “clams”. Before cooking them, you place them in salt water and observe feathery organs (lophophore) that are repeatedly projected from between the two halves of the organisms’ shells. You return them to the market and suggest that they be relabeled as

Answer 6

Brachiopods

Question 7

Which sequence of evolutionary relationships is consistent with the fossil record?

Answer 7

Fishes-amphibians-reptiles-birds

Question 8

Which of the following are entirely, or partly, composed of calcium carbonate?

Answer 8

Coral animals’ exoskeletons

Question 9

Which feature of deuterostomes development explain the formation of identical human twins?

Answer 9

Deuterostomes have indeterminate development

Question 10

Cephalization is the development of

Answer 10

A head

Question 11

Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum Arthropods is unique in possessing members that have

Answer 11

Wings

Question 12

Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis that the Cambrian explosion was cause by the rise of predatory-prey relationships?

Answer 12

Increased incidence of hard bony parts in the fossil record

Question 13

Which of the following is not a function of an arthropod’s exoskeleton?

Answer 13

Diffusion of oxygen

Question 14

Which characteristic is NOT found in all chordates?

Answer 14

Four-chambered heart

Question 15

Arthropods invaded land about 100my before vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that

Answer 15

Arthropods have had more time to co-evolve with land plants than have vertebrates

Question 16

When a starfish, a type of echinoderm, is resting on the seafloor, its ___ face(s) the seafloor, whereas the _____ is on the upper surface of the animal

Answer 16

Mouth; anus

Question 17

The sharks, skates, and rays are members of the

Answer 17

Chondrichthyans

Question 18

_____ possess a _____ in their larval stage that is lost in the adult

Answer 18

Vertebrates; notochord

Question 19

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

Answer 19

Ray-finned fishes

Question 20

During the Devonian, the partly terrestrial _____ arose from an ancestor shared with lungfishes

Answer 20

Amphibians

Question 21

Which of these are amniotes?

Answer 21

More than one of these is correct

Question 22

Place the following phyla in order from the anatomically simplest to most sophisticated

1 = Amphibia 2 = Cnidaria 3 = Mammalia 4 = Reptilia 5 = Arthropoda

Answer 22

2,5,1,4,3

Question 23

The second law of thermodynamics essentially says that

Answer 23

Randomness replaces organization as time goes by

Question 24

Metabolic rate is frequently measured by

Answer 24

The rate of O2 consumption

Question 25

The mechanisms of homeostasis

Answer 25

Maintain a relatively constant internal physiological environment regardless of the changes in the external environment

Question 26

Organisms that depend largely on external sources of heat to maintain body temperature are called

Answer 26

Poikilotherms

Question 27

As fruits ripen, they emit a chemical called ethylene, which attracts fruit flies. The fruit flies damage the fruit, causing more odor to be released, which attracts more flies, which results in the attraction of still more flies. This is an example of

Answer 27

Positive feedback

Question 28

A cloaca is an anatomical structure found in most vertebrates, which functions as

Answer 28

A single exit for excretory, urinary and reproductive systems

Question 29

This adult organism lack a tail, can live on land, but can also complete its gas exchange through its moist skin. To which order does this organism belong?

Answer 29

Anura

Question 30

Which homologous structure do all land animals appear to share?

Answer 30

All have similar arm bones/hand bones

Question 31

Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive (most general) to leave inclusive (most specific)

1. Lobe fins
2. Amphibians
3. Gnathostomes
4. Osteichthyes
5. Tetrapods

Answer 31

3,4,1,5,2

Question 32

Certain amino acids are called essential amino acids because they

Answer 32

Cannot be made from other amino acids and must be obtained from food

Question 32

A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a fungus and a microscopic alga. In this association, both the fungus and the alga benefit from the association. In terms of how it gets its food, the organism is therefore most similar to a(n)

Answer 32

Coral

Question 32

Refer to the figure. Which of the following about O2 consumption in relation to elevation is true?

Answer 32

The maximal rate of O2 consumption at 8,000 meters is approximately half that at 6,000 meters

Question 32

The process known as _____ involves major movements of cells from the external surface of the embryo to the interior of the embryo

Answer 32

Gastrulation

Question 32

Fruit flies vs. Mutated fruit flies and their circadian rhythms question

Answer 32

It is affected by genetics

Question 33

Suppose that a plant normally grows large fleshy leaves in the absence of water stress. In low-moisture conditions, that same plant species grows small thin leaves that are more resistant to desiccation. This adaptation is an illustration of the principle of

Answer 33

Phenotypic plasticity

Question 34

Which mammals would be most likely to find a protective microenvironment to reduce the thermal stress of artic habitats in winter?

Answer 34

Tundra vole

Question 35

Which male elk is most likely to be able to mate successfully?

Answer 35

A seven-year-old who is large, strong, and experienced

Question 36

Concepts of biological determinism have been used to justify unequal treatment of people based on race or gender. According to most scientists, these arguments, often found in popular books and magazines, are

Answer 36

Not supported by objective, statistically valid scientific data

Question 37

Oxygen is exchanged between the body fluids of an animal and its environment by

Answer 37

Diffusion

Question 38

The primary respiratory gases are

Answer 38

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 39

An example of a source of heat that determines body temperature is an animal that is a conformer is

Answer 39

Heater in an aquarium of fish

Question 40

Which feature characterizes insulin?

Answer 40

Released in response to increases in blood glucose levels

Question 41

Select the things that are true about mussels

Answer 41

They are blind

Some species mimic striped shiners to attract bass so they can reproduce

Their babies are transported to new parts of the stream by fish

They are sensitive to water quality

They produce a shell made of calcium carbonate using their mantle