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General Biology II > Exam 2 - Microscopic Organisms > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Microscopic Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

The division of the living world into three domains

A

Is based on phylogenetic relationships determined from nucleotide sequences of rRNA and other genes

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2
Q

What feature is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

A system for generating ATP

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3
Q

Bacteriophage technology uses

A

Bacteriophage to kill bacterial infections

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4
Q

It is difficult to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of viruses because of their

A

Rapid evolutionary rates

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5
Q

The earliest prokaryotic fossils date back at least _____ years

A

3.5b

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6
Q

Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome

A

ssRNA

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7
Q

These two words describe bacteria that stain purple and are rod-shaped

A

Gram-positive, bacilli

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8
Q

Cyanobacteria are_____. They use sunlight as their energy source to strip carbon off CO2 to build sugars like plants

A

Photoautotrophs

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9
Q

Term for prokaryotes that may live in a swamp that dries up and then is flooded, then dries up, then is flooded again

A

Facultative anaerobes

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10
Q

Extremophile bacteria that prefer extremely salt environments

A

Halophiles

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11
Q

The function of a pilus is to

A

Transfer DNA from one bacterium to another

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12
Q

If a bacterium takes up naked DNA from a solution, then ___________________ has occurred. If a bacteriophage moves genes between bacteria, then _________________________ has occurred. If a bacterium attaches to a recipient bacterium by a pilus, pulls it closer, and transfers DNA then ___________________ has occurred

A

Transformation, transduction, conjugation

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13
Q

What is serial endosymbiosis?

A

Primary endosymbiosis involves the engulfment of a prokaryote by another free-living prokaryote. Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when the product of primary endosymbiosis is itself engulfed and retained by another free-living prokaryote

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14
Q

If all prokaryotes on Earth suddenly vanished, which of the following would be the most likely and most direct result?

A

The recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially

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15
Q

Jams, jellies, preserves, honey, and other foods with high sugar content hardly ever become contaminated by bacteria, even when the food containers are left open at room temperature. This is because bacteria that encounter such an environment

A

Undergo death as a result of water loss from the cell

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16
Q

_____ are small intracellular parasites that have a unique, complex reproductive cycle and include strains that cause eye infections and venereal disease

A

Chlamydias

17
Q

Dormant _____ of a species of Bacillus produce the disease antrhax

A

Endospores

18
Q

Quorum sensing plays a role in house organisms in biofilms

A

Communicate with each other

19
Q

An extremely important set of rules for the determination of bacterial disease transmission is called

A

Koch’s postulates

20
Q

What are not monophyletic?

A

Microbial eukaryotes

21
Q

What was the first step in the evolution of the modern eukaryote cell from a prokaryote ancestor?

A

Loss of a stiff cell wall

22
Q

Which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium?

A

Chloroplast

23
Q

Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of

A

Secondary endosymbiosis

24
Q

Paramecium have two ways to share DNA, one is merely the splitting of one cell into two that results in identical daughter cells and is called ________________, the other is a complex exchange of DNA that results in new combinations of DNA, but does not produce new individuals, this is called _______________________________

A

Binary fission, conjugation

25
Q

Plasmodium, the organism that causes malaria, is a(n)

A

Apicomplexan

26
Q

You are given the task of designing an aerobic, mixotrophic protist that can perform photosynthesis in fairly deep water (for example, 250 m deep), and can also crawl about and engulf small particles. With which two of the following structures would you provide your protist?
1. Hydrogenosome

  1. Apicoplast
  2. Pseudopods
  3. Chloroplast from red alga
  4. Chloroplast from green alga
A

3 and 4

27
Q

Which statement about ciliates is FALSE?

A

They are members of Archaea

28
Q

You are given three test tubes, each containing an unknown protist, and your task is to read the following description and match these three protists to the correct test tube.

When light, especially red and blue light, is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tube 2. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 3 and 1 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apicoplast in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tube 1 reveals the presence of one large nucleus and a small nucleus in each organism.

Test Tube 1 contains

A

Paramecium

29
Q

You are given three test tubes, each containing an unknown protist, and your task is to read the following description and match these three protists to the correct test tube.

When light, especially red and blue light, is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tube 2. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 3 and 1 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apicoplast in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tube 1 reveals the presence of one large nucleus and a small nucleus in each organism.

Test Tube 2 contains

A

Navicula (diatom)

30
Q

You are given three test tubes, each containing an unknown protist, and your task is to read the following description and match these three protists to the correct test tube.

When light, especially red and blue light, is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tube 2. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 3 and 1 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apicoplast in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tube 1 reveals the presence of one large nucleus and a small nucleus in each organism.

Test Tube 3 contains

A

Plasmodium (malaria)

31
Q

The group Alevolates

A

All of these here

32
Q

Euglenozoans characteristics include

A

All of the above

General Biology II (4 decks)

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