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Pharmacy Practice VI > Exam 4 (Drugs 151 - 200) > Flashcards

Exam 4 (Drugs 151 - 200) Flashcards

1
Q

Ramipril

A

Altace

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2
Q

MOA thought to be due to its suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by competitively inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACEI)

A

Ramipril, Benazepril

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3
Q

Capsaicin may increase the incidence of coughing

A

Ramipril, Benazepril

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4
Q

Use with caution in pregnant and nursing women, in patients with impaired renal function, collagen vascular disease (may cause agranulocytosis), or aortic stenosis, and in patients undergoing surgery or anesthesia

A

Ramipril, Benazepril

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5
Q

AE’s include cough, ANGIOEDEMA, hypotension, fatigue, headache, and nausea

A

Ramipril, Benazepril

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6
Q

Capsules can be swallowed whole or sprinkled over food; may also be mixed into water or apple juice and consumed. Pre-mixed solutions are stable for 24 hrs at room temp and 48 hrs under refrigeration

A

Ramipril

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7
Q

Avoid nonprescription cough, cold, and allergy medications unless otherwise directed

A

Ramipril, Benazepril

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8
Q

Report any sign of facial swelling, difficulty in breathing, or infection (unexplained fever or for throat)

A

Ramipril, Benazepril

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9
Q

Darifenacin Hydrobromide

A

Enablex

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10
Q

A competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist with a high affinity for the M3 receptor. Blockage of this receptor results in an increase in bladder capacity by decreasing the frequency of unstable detrusor contractions and increasing the volume threshold for unstable contractions

A

Darifenacin

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11
Q

May inhibit the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates such as flecainide, thioridazine, and TCA’s.

A

Darifenacin

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12
Q

Potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, nelfinavir, clarithromycin, and nefazadone may decrease hepatic metabolism of this drug

A

Darifenacin

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13
Q

CI in patients with urinary retention, gastric retention, or uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma and in patients who are at risk for these conditions

A

Darifenacin

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14
Q

Use with caution in patients with bladder outflow obstruction, severe constipation, ulcerative colitis, myasthenia gravis, controlled narrow-angle glaucoma, or any level of hepatic impairment

A

Darifenacin

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15
Q

AE’s are usually mild and transient and include: dry mouth, constipation, UTI, blurred vision, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, asthenia, and dry eyes

A

Darifenacin

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16
Q

Avoid prolonged exposure to hot weather. May cause dizziness. May cause dry mouth or blurred vision

A

Darifenacin

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17
Q

Benazepril HCl

A

Lotensin

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18
Q

Sumatriptan Succinate

A

Imitrex

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19
Q

A selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype with no significant affinity or pharmacological activity at other receptors. 5-HT1 receptors are present in cranial arteries and in the vasculature of the dura mater. This drug activates this receptor to cause vasoconstriction, which relieves migraines

A

Sumatriptan

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20
Q

Separate use with ergot-containing drugs by 24 hours due to the theoretical basis of this drug having an additive effect on the prolonged vasospasm reactions that ergot-containing drugs cause

A

Sumatriptan

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21
Q

Injection should not be given intravenously due to its potential to cause coronary vasospasm

A

Sumatriptan

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22
Q

CI in ischemic heart disease (angina pectoris, history of MI, or documented silent ischemia), in patients with Prinzmetal’s angina, and in uncontrolled HTN

A

Sumatriptan

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23
Q

Do not administer to patients with basilar or hemiplegic migraine

A

Sumatriptan

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24
Q

Serious coronary events following administration can occur, therefore consideration should be given to administering the first dose in the physician’s office to patients in whom unrecognized coronary disease is comparatively likely

A

Sumatriptan

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25
Q

Chest, jaw, or neck tightness is relatively common after injection, but has only rarely been associated with ischemic ECG changes

A

Sumatriptan

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26
Q

AE’s include tingling, warmth, burning, feeling of heaviness, pressure, tightness, numbness, tight feeling in head, flushing, tightness in chest, bad taste, discomfort of the throat, nose, tongue, or mouth, muscle weakness, neck pain/stiffness, dizziness/vertigo, diarrhea, and drowsiness

A

Sumatriptan

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27
Q

CI in patients with a known tendency to drug induced, hemolytic, or other anemias and in patients with significant renal or hepatic impairment

A

Metaxalone

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28
Q

Use with caution in patients allergic to anesthetic agents of the para-aminobenzoic acid class (procaine, tetracaine)

A

Benzonatate

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29
Q

Severe life-threatening reactions, including CV collapse and bronchospasm, have occurred from chewing or sucking this drug

A

Benzonatate

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30
Q

Acts peripherally by anesthetizing the stretch receptors located in the respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura by dampening their activity and thereby reducing the cough reflex at its source

A

Benzonatate

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31
Q

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

A

Bumetanide

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32
Q

CI in patients with anuria and in patients with uncorrected hepatic coma or severe electrolyte depletion

A

Bumetanide

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33
Q

AE’s include: DIZZINESS, hypotension, MUSCLE CRAMPS, WEAKNESS, IMPAIRED HEARING, hyperuricemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, HYPOKALEMIA, azotemia, and hyperglycemia

A

Bumetanide

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34
Q

Serious GI toxicity (including bleeding, ulceration, and perforation) may occur at any time during chronic therapy

A

Diclofenac

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35
Q

Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase, an enzyme which reduces dihydrofolates to tetrahydrofolates.

A

Methotrexate

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36
Q

BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SERIOUS TOXICITY RXNS (WHICH CAN BE FATAL), THIS DRUG SHOULD ONLY BE USED IN LIFE-THREATENING NEOPLASTIC DISEASES, OR IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS OR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS WITH SEVERE, RECALCITRANT, DISABLING DISEASE WHICH IS NOT ADEQUATELY RESPONSIVE TO OTHER FORMS OF THERAPY

A

Methotrexate

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37
Q

AE’s may include: ulcerative stomatitis, leukopenia, abdominal distress, RASH, NEPHROTOXICITY, HEPATOTOXICITY, COUGH, & ANEMIA

A

Methotrexate

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38
Q

Thought to work via selective antagonism of dopamine and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the CNS

A

Olanzapine

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39
Q

CI IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS

A

Olanzapine

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40
Q

Causes inhibition of acetyl-coenzyme A, interfering with the metabolism of carbohydrates in susceptible bacteria

A

Nitrofurantoin

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41
Q

Magnesium salts may decrease effectiveness

A

Nitrofurantoin

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42
Q

CI in patients with anuria, oliguria, significantly impaired renal function, in pregnant patients at term, and in infants under one month of age

A

Nitrofurantoin

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43
Q

Benztropine

A

Cogentin

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44
Q

Selectively blocks cholinergic histaminic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Benztropine

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45
Q

CI in children < 3 years of age

A

Benztropine

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46
Q

Inhibits platelet aggregation in response to platelet activation factor (PAF), collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Also inhibits prostaglandin and thromboxane A2 synthesis by acetylating the enzyme cyclooxygenase

A

Dipyridamole and Aspirin

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47
Q

Use with caution in patients undergoing surgery where fentanyl is used, in patients recently discontinuing b-adrenergic blocker therapy, and in patients with tight aortic stenosis, hepatic impairment, or CHF. May cause rare increase in angina or MI on starting therapy or increasing dose

A

Nifedipine

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48
Q

AE’s include: peripheral edema, palpitations, hypotension, dizziness, giddiness, HA, weakness, rash, N/V, flushing, nasal congestion, dyspnea, muscle cramps, and cough

A

Nifedipine

49
Q

Caution: may cause fainting with sudden changes in posture

A

Nifedipine

50
Q

Thought to work at the level of the spinal cord by inhibiting the flexor and crossed extensor reflexes. Also causes sedation which may add to its therapeutic effect

A

Methocarbamol

51
Q

AE’s include: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, PRURITIS, RASH, blurred vision, HA, fever

A

Methocarbamol

52
Q

Synthetic acyclic purine nucleotide which in vitro inhibits Herpes simplex types 1 & 2, varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr, and cytomegalovirus

A

Acyclovir

53
Q

Precipitation of this drug in renal tubules may occur in patients who are dehydrated

A

Acyclovir

54
Q

Apply one-half inch ribbon of ointment per four square inches of surface area (using a rubber glove) every 3 hours (6 times per day) for 7 days

A

Acyclovir

55
Q

Competitively inhibits the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase which is responsible for metabolizing testosterone to 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate gland, liver, and skin

A

Finasteride

56
Q

CI in women and children

A

Finasteride

57
Q

AE’s include impotence & decreased libido

A

Finasteride

58
Q

Thought to form an ulcer-adherent complex that covers the ulcer site and protects it against further attack by acid, pepsin, and bile attributed to the neutralization of gastric acid.

A

Sucralfate

59
Q

Constipation occurs in approximately 2% of patients on this drug

A

Sucralfate

60
Q

Take on an empty stomach one hour before or two hours after a meal. Antacids should not be taken within one-half hour.

A

Sucralfate

61
Q

A naturally-occurring antibiotic produced by fermentation of the organism Pseudomonas fluorescens. MOA is derived from an inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly and specifically binding to bacterial isoleucyl transfer-RNA synthetase

A

Mupirocin

62
Q

An inhibitor of the release of histamine from the mast cell and a relatively selective histamine H-1 antagonist that inhibits the type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction including inhibition of histamine induced effects on human conjunctival epithelial cells

A

Olopatadine

63
Q

At least 10 minutes should lapse after using and before inserting contact lenses

A

Olopatadine

64
Q

AE’s: HA (7%), asthenia, blurred vision, burning or stinging, cold symptoms, dry eye, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, hypersensitivity, keratitis, lid edema, nausea, pharyngitis, pruritis, rhinitis, sinusitis, and taste perversion (all

A

Olopatadine

65
Q

AE’s: HA, dizziness, nausea, VISUAL DISTURBANCES, edema, weight loss, BLOOD DYSCRASIAS, nervousness, anorexia, and abnormal skin pigmentation

A

Hydroxychloroquine

66
Q

Competitively blocks the post-synaptic dopamine receptors in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, limbic system, medulla, and the brain stem

A

Prochlorperazine

67
Q

CI in patients hypersensitive to phenothiazines, in patients in comatose or greatly depressed CNS states, in patients with bone marrow depression, in children

A

Prochlorperazine

68
Q

AE’s: drowsiness, dizziness, amenorrhea, blurred vision, itching, photosensitivity, urticaria, hypotension, EXTRAPYRAMIDAL reactions, and TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

A

Prochlorperazine

69
Q

CI in women who are or may become pregnant and in women with active or past history of venous thromboembolic events, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and retinal vein thrombosis

A

Raloxifene

70
Q

AE’s: hot flashes, leg cramps, weight gain, peripheral edema, sinusitis, rash, and sweating

A

Raloxifene

71
Q

This drug is rapidly converted into acyclovir

A

Valacyclovir

72
Q

Amiodarone

A

Cordarone, Pacerone

73
Q

A class III anti arrhythmic with its primary MOA a lengthening of the cardiac action potential

A

Amiodarone

74
Q

CI in patients with cardiogenic shock, marked sinus bradycardia, and 2nd or 3rd degree AV block unless a functioning pacemaker is available. SHOULD ONLY BE PRESCRIBED AND ADMINISTERED BY PHYSICIANS WHO ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS DOSING, ITS RISKS AND BENEFITS, AND WHO HAVE ADEQUATE MONITORING EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE.

A

Amiodarone

75
Q

Binds to intestinal opiate receptors decreasing peristalsis and affecting water and electrolyte movement through the lower intestine. These actions are due to effects on the circular and longitudinal muscles of the intestine. The second drug component is included to discourage deliberate abuse and overdosage

A

Diphenoxylate with Atropine

76
Q

CI in patients with obstructive jaundice or diarrhea associated with pseudomembranous enterocolitis

A

Diphenoxylate with Atropine

77
Q

AE’s: constipation, drowsiness, anorexia, N/V, dry mouth, and stomach pain

A

Diphenoxylate with Atropine

78
Q

D/C use if clinical response is not seen within 48 hours

A

Diphenoxylate with Atropine

79
Q

Inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for the reuptake of NE and 5-HT at the presynaptic nerve terminals, potentiating activity at the postsynaptic terminals

A

Nortriptyline, Doxepin

80
Q

CI in patients on MAOI’s. Wait two weeks after D/C MAOI before initiating therapy. Also CI during the recovery phase of an MI.

A

Nortriptyline

81
Q

Decreases total peripheral resistance by competitively blocking alpha-1 adrenoreceptors, resulting in vasodilation of arterioles and veins which leads to decreased peripheral resistance and decreased BP.

A

Terazosin

82
Q

Caution should be used when given with other antihypertensive agents to avoid the possibility of significant hypotension. When adding another antihypertensive or diuretic, dosage reduction and reiteration may be necessary

A

Terazosin

83
Q

Episodes of syncope have occurred during therapy, especially during the first few doses of therapy or after missing a few doses of maintenance therapy. To decrease the chance of syncope, all patients should be started with 1 mg tablets given at bedtime

A

Terazosin

84
Q

AE’s: asthenia (11%), palpitations (4%), nausea (4%), HA (16%), nasal congestion (6%), peripheral edema (5%), and dizziness (19%)

A

Terazosin

85
Q

Metabolized in the liver to quinaprilat. MOA is due to its suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by competitively inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

A

Quinapril

86
Q

Binds to the 50S subunit of susceptible bacterial ribosomes and suppresses protein synthesis

A

Clindamycin

87
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported and should be considered in patients with severe or persistent diarrhea

A

Clindamycin

88
Q

Drink a full glass of water (240 mL) after each dose

A

Clindamycin

89
Q

CI in patients with systemic fungal infections

A

Methylprednisolone

90
Q

AE’s: blurred vision, upset stomach, N/V, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, Cushing’s syndrome, increased susceptibility to infections, osteoporosis, vertebral compression, various behavioral disturbances, peptic ulceration, myopathy, suppression of growth in children, and signs of adrenal suppression

A

Methylprednisolone

91
Q

Exerts its antibacterial actions by preventing the synthesis of bacterial DNA through inhibition of the enzyme DNA gyrase

A

Levofloxacin

92
Q

AE’s: nausea (7%), diarrhea (5%), HA (5%), constipation (3%), taste perversion (1%), TENDINITIS & TENDON RUPTURE

A

Levofloxacin

93
Q

Competitively inhibits phosphodiesterase causing an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This action releases endogenous epinephrine and may inhibit the release of histamine and/or slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A).

A

Theophylline

94
Q

CI in patients with active peptic ulcer disease and in individuals with an underlying seizure disorder

A

Theophylline

95
Q

AE’s: HA, N/V, nervousness, epigastric pain, irritability, tachycardia, palpitations, and insomnia

A

Theophylline

96
Q

Doxepin

A

Sinequan

97
Q

Oral concentrate should be diluted with approximately 120 mL of water, milk, or juice just prior to administration

A

Doxepin

98
Q

A sympathomimetic amine with pharmacologic activity similar to the prototype drugs of this class used in obesity, the amphetamines

A

Phentermine

99
Q

Use with an MAOI may precipitate a hypertensive crisis

A

Phentermine

100
Q

CI in patients with advanced arteriosclerosis, CV disease, moderate to severe HTN, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, agitated states, a history of drug abuse, or in patients hypersensitive to sympathomimetic amines

A

Phentermine

101
Q

Rare cases of primary pulmonary hypertension (dyspnea, angina pectoris, syncope, lower extremity edema) have been reported

A

Phentermine

102
Q

Partial agonist at nicotinic receptors in the brain. MOA appears to be due to selective binding to the alpha-4-beta-2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

A

Varenicline

103
Q

Serious neuropsychiatric symptoms (changes in behavior, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior) have occurred

A

Varenicline

104
Q

Register with the GETQUIT support program

A

Varenicline

105
Q

A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that blocks histamine release in peripheral tissues

A

Azelastine

106
Q

AE’s: bitter taste in mouth (20%), HA (14%), drowsiness (12%), nasal burning (4%), pharyngitis (4%), dry mouth, sneezing, nausea (3%), rhinitis, fatigue, dizziness, nosebleed, and weight increase (2%)

A

Azelastine

107
Q

Units need to be primed with 4 sprays upon assembly and with 2 sprays if not used for 3 days

A

Azelastine

108
Q

Metolazone

A

Zaroxolyn

109
Q

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the cortical diluting site and in the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Metolazone

110
Q

A synthetic prostaglandin F analogue which selectively stimulates FP prostanoid receptors. The primary MOA to reduce intraocular pressure is thought to be through increased uveoscleral outflow

A

Travoprost

111
Q

May permanently change the pigmentation and growth of the eyelashes and increase the pigmentation of the iris and periorbital tissue (eyelid)

A

Travoprost

112
Q

Most common AE: ocular hyperemia (50%)

A

Travoprost

113
Q

Wait at least 5 minutes before instilling other ophthalmic preparations. Avoid squinting or closing of eyes tightly after instilling drops.

A

Travoprost

114
Q

Centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic compound

A

Tramadol with APAP

115
Q

AE’s are dose-related: constipation (6%), somnolence (6%), increased sweating (4%), diarrhea (3%), nausea (3%), anorexia (3%), dizziness (3%), dry mouth (2%), pruritis (2%), insomnia (2%), and prostatic disorder in men (2%)

A

Tramadol with APAP

116
Q

Clotrimazole with Betamethasone

A

Lotrisone

117
Q

Increases membrane permeability of various intracellular substances by permeating the chitin of the fungal cell wall

A

Clotrimazole with Betamethasone

118
Q

AE’s: paresthesia, erythema, stinging, blistering, peeling, pruritis, urticaria, burning, and general irritation of the skin

A

Clotrimazole with Betamethasone

119
Q

Should not be used with occlusive dressings; may stain clothing. When applied to the groin area, should apply sparingly and for no longer than 2 weeks

A

Clotrimazole with Betamethasone

Pharmacy Practice VI (4 decks)

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