Exam 1 (Drugs 1 - 50) Flashcards
Hydrocodone bitartrate with APAP
Lortab, Vicodin, Lorcet, Norco
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS & through peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation
Hydrocodone bitartrate with APAP
Lisinopril
Zestril, Prinivil
Competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (therefore causing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
Lisinopril
Use with potassium supplements or other potassium-sparing drugs increases risk of hyperkalemia
Lisinopril
CI in patients with a history of angioedema related to a previous treatment with an ACEI
Lisinopril
Avoid non-prescription cough, cold, and allergy medications unless otherwise directed
Lisinopril
Levothyroxine Sodium
Synthroid, Levoxyl, Levothroid
Exact mechanism unknown but does: regulate growth/development, increase metabolic rate, & inhibit secretion of thyrotropin by the pituitary
Levothyroxine
Relatively CI in patients with uncorrected adrenal cortical insufficiency, untreated thyrotoxicosis, and acute MI
Levothyroxine
Transient loss of hair may be seen in children, but recovery usually occurs
Levothyroxine
Simvastatin
Zocor
A specific inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase
Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin
This drug may increase warfarin & digoxin levels. CYP3A4 inhibitors in conjunction with this drug can increase risk of severe myopathy or rhabdomyolysis.
Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin
Myopathy could occur with this drug (ex. muscle pain/tenderness); possible photosensitivity; avoid grapefruit juice
Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin
Omeprazole
Prilosec
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell
Omeprazole, Esomeprazole
Since the pharmacological effect of this drug is to raise gastric pH, absorption of drugs in which bioavailability is determined by gastric pH may be changed
Omeprazole, Esomeprazole
Antacids can be used concomitantly with this drug
Omeprazole, Esomeprazole
This drug prevents conversion of clopidogrel to its active metabolite
Omeprazole
Animal studies have revealed increased risk of gastric carcinoid tumors
Omeprazole
Take 30 minutes prior to use; contents of capsule can be opened and mixed with applesauce followed by a glass of water
Omeprazole
Metformin
Glucophage
A biguanide that improves glucose tolerance in NIDDM; decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis, & improves insulin sensitivity
Metformin
CI in patients with impaired renal function (SCr > 1.5 in males and > 1.4 in females); temporarily D/C therapy when undergoing radiologic studies involving iodine.
Metformin
Decreased vitamin B12 levels, lactic acidosis (characterized by unexplained hyperventilation, myalgia, malaise, or unusual somnolence)
Metformin
Furosemide
Lasix
Loop diuretic which inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal and distal tubules, but more importantly in the loop of Henle
Furosemide
Can be ototoxic when used in conjunction with AG’s; hypokalemia
Furosemide
CI in patients with anuria
Furosemide, HCTZ
Big AE’s include hearing loss, weakness, muscle cramps, and anemia
Furosemide
Give in the AM to prevent diuresis overnight; avoid overexposure to sunlight; may cause orthostatic hypotension
Furosemide
Potassium chloride (oral)
Klor-Con, K-Dur, Micro-K
The principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. Normal concentrations 3.5 - 5 mEq/L.
Potassium
Use caution with other drugs that may cause hyperkalemia (potassium-sparing diuretics, ACEI’s, salt substitutes)
Potassium
CI in patients with hyperkalemia
Potassium
Take with or after meals and with a full glass of water. Swallow whole but K-Dur can be halved or dispersed in water. Unabsorbable wax matrix may be found in the stool.
Potassium
Gabapentin
Neurontin
Exact mechanism is unknown; exhibits antiseizure activity. Structurally similar to GABA but does not interact with GABA receptors.
Gabapentin
Antacids decrease the bioavailability of this drug when given at the same time
Gabapentin
Do not D/C abruptly due to a possibility of precipitating seizures. Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients < 12 not established.
Gabapentin
Amlodipine Besylate
Norvasc
Calcium channel blocker which inhibits the movement (influx) of calcium ions across specific cellular membranes (slow channels) in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
Amlodipine
Albuterol Sulfate (inhalation)
Proventil, Ventolin, Proair
Maintenance dose is 2 inhalations QID
Albuterol
Stimulates adenyl cyclase, the enzyme which catalyzes the formation of cAMP from ATP. This formation causes relaxation of bronchial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle through stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Albuterol, DuoNeb
Alprazolam
Xanax
BZD’s facilitate the inhibitory neurotransmitter action of GABA, which mediates both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in all regions of the CNS
Alprazolam
Citalopram Hydrobromide
Celexa
Blocks the neuronal uptake of serotonin, but not of NE or DA, into human platelets in the CNS (SSRI)
Celexa
Up to 2 weeks may be needed before therapeutic effects are seen; do not abruptly D/C therapy; watch for suicidal thoughts or actions
Celexa
Ranitidine
Zantac
Competitively and reversibly inhibits histamine at the H2 receptors, including receptors on gastric cells
Ranitidine
This drug may decrease the clearance of warfarin and lidocaine
Ranitidine
Zolpidem Tartrate
Ambien
Interacts with the GABA-BZD receptor complex and shares some of the pharmacological properties of the BZD’s
Zolpidem
Atorvastatin Calcium
Lipitor
Hydrochlorothiazide
HydroDiuril, Microzide
Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the distal renal tubule
HCTZ
CI in patients with anuria or who are hypersensitive to sulfonamide-derived drugs
HCTZ
Side effects include muscle cramps and weakness (hint: diuretic)
HCTZ
Give in the morning due to increased diuresis
HCTZ
Tramadol HCl
Ultram, Ryzolt
A centrally acting synthetic analgesic compound that is not derived from natural sources nor is it chemically related to opiates
Tramadol
Continuous use may produce psychic and physical dependence of the morphine-type
Tramadol
Metoprolol Tartrate
Lopressor
A relatively cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker which: decreases HR & cardiac output, decreases systolic and diastolic BP, inhibits isoproterenol tachycardia, decreases reflex orthostatic tachycardia
Metoprolol tartrate & succinate, atenolol
This agent can cause masking of hypoglycemic symptoms in diabetics
Metoprolol
Trazodone HCl
Desyrel
Inhibits serotonin uptake by brain synaptosomes therefore increasing the behavioral effects of the serotonin precursor, 5-HT
Trazodone
Absorption is slower but greater when given with food with this drug
Trazodone
This drug could cause priapism (patients with prolonged or inappropriate penile erection should D/C use immediately and consult a physician)
Trazodone
Duloxetine HCl
Cymbalta
A potent inhibitor of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and a slight inhibitor of dopamine reuptake
Duloxetine
May take up to 4 weeks to see therapeutic effects; watch for suicidal thoughts or actions
Duloxetine
Carvedilol
Coreg
A nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with alpha-1 adrenergic blocking activity.
Carvedilol
CI in NYHA class IV decompensated cardiac failure, bronchial asthma, AV block, cardiogenic shock, or severe bradycardia
Carvedilol
Take with food to decrease orthostatic hypotension; contact lens wearers may experience decreased lacrimation; do not D/C therapy - requires tapering over 1 - 2 weeks; may mask diabetes hypoglycemia symptoms
Carvedilol
Warfarin Sodium
Coumadin, Jantoven
Antagonizes vitamin K resulting in a decreased hepatic synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X)
Warfarin
Side effects include unusual and unexpected bleeding, abdominal cramping, fever
Warfarin
Clopidogrel Bisulfate
Plavix
Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly modifying platelet receptors thereby selectively inhibiting the binding of ADP to the receptor
Clopidogrel
CI in active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or intracranical hemorrhage
Clopidogrel
Clonazepam
Klonopin
BZD that facilitates the inhibitory neurotransmitter action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which mediates both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in all regions of the CNS. It also suppresses the spike and wave discharge in absence seizures
Clonazepam
Abrupt D/C may precipitate status epilepticus or BZD withdrawal
Clonazepam
Montelukast Sodium
Singulair
Binds with high affinity and selectivity to the CysLT1 receptor where it inhibits physiologic actions of LTD4 without any agonist activity
Montelukast
This drug is not intended for reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthmatic attacks, including status asthmaticus
Montelukast
Granules can be given either directly in the mouth or mixed with a spoonful of soft food
Montelukast
Cyclobenzaprine HCl
Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid
This drug does not act directly on skeletal muscle or at the neuromuscular synapses. It probably exerts its effect by acting at the brain stem in the CNS. Overall effect is a reduction of tonic somatic motor activity influencing both alpha and gamma motoneurons
Cyclobenzaprine
CI in patients with CHF, hyperthyroidism, cardiac arrhythmias, conductive disturbances, and during acute recovery phase of MI
Cyclobenzaprine
Sertraline HCl
Zoloft
MOA thought to be due to an inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin (5-HT).
Sertraline
Insulin Glargine
Lantus
A recombinant human insulin analog that is long-acting; insulin is the primary hormone responsible for carrying out proper glucose utilization in metabolic processes
Insulin glargine
Metoprolol Succinate
Toprol XL
Quetiapine Fumarate
Seroquel
A multiple neurotransmitter antagonist with activity at 5-HT1 & 2, D1 & 2, H1, and alpha1 & 2 receptors
Quetiapine
CI in patients with dementia-related psychosis. May increase suicide thinking and behavior in children and adolescents
Quetiapine
Lovastatin
Mevacor
Esomeprazole Magnesium
Nexium
Take at least 60 minutes prior to eating
Esomeprazole
Fluticasone Propionate with Salmeterol Xinafoate
Advair
A synthetic, trifluorinated corticosteroid that binds to certain receptor proteins found in the cytoplasm of sensitive cells to form a steroid-receptor complex
Advair
CI in primary treatment of status asthmaticus. Long-acting beta2 adrenergic agonists increase the risk of asthma-related death
Advair
Not intended to provide immediate relief of bronchospasm
Advair
Fluoxetine HCl
Prozac
Blocks the neuronal uptake of serotonin, but not of norepinephrine, into human platelets in the CNS (SSRI)
Fluoxetine
Not indicated for therapy in children < 7
Fluoxetine
Promethazine HCl with Codeine Phosphate
Phenergan with Codeine
Competitively inhibits histamine at the H1 receptor site causing a spasmolytic and decongestant effect
Phenergan with Codeine
CI in patients on other phenothiazines & in patients with lower respiratory tract symptoms (including asthma)
Phenergan with Codeine
Fluticasone Propionate (nasal)
Flonase
Adrenocorticoid that binds to certain receptor proteins found in the cytoplasm of sensitive cells to form a steroid-receptor complex
Fluticasone propionate, Prednisone
Clear nasal passages of secretions prior to use. Oral decongestants may be used if needed. Shake well before use
Fluticasone propionate
Bupropion HCl
Wellbutrin, Zyban
Unrelated to TCA’s; Weak inhibitor of neuronal uptake of NE, 5-HT, and DA
Bupropion
CI in patients with a seizure disorder, history of bulimia or anorexia nervosa, or current therapy with an MAOI
Bupropion
Tremor can be a side effect of this medication
Bupropion
Amitriptyline HCl
Elavil
Inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for the reuptake of NE ad 5-HT at the presynaptic terminals
Amitriptyline
One of the more sedating of the TCA’s
Amitriptyline
CI in patients currently on MAOI’s or within 14 days of therapy and during the acute recovery phase following MI
Amitriptyline
Lorazepam
Ativan
BZD that facilitates the inhibitory neurotransmitter action of GABA, which mediates both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in all regions of the CNS
Lorazepam
Meloxicam
Mobic
MOA is probably due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase resulting in a decreased biosynthesis of prostaglandins
Meloxicam
Oxycodone with APAP
Percocet, Roxicet, Endocet
Produces analgesia by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS and through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation. Produces analgesia centrally via action on the central opiate receptors.
Oxycodone with APAP
Diltiazem HCl
Cardizem, Cartia, Tiazac
A calcium channel blocker that inhibits the movement (influx) of calcium ions across specific cellular membranes (slow channels) which: dilates coronary arteries and arterioles, inhibits coronary spasm, lowers arterial blood pressure, slows SA & AV conduction, and prolongs AV node ERP & FRP.
Diltiazem
CI in patients with sick sinus syndrome & 2nd or 3rd degree AV block except in the presence of a functioning ventricular pacemaker and in patients with hypotension
Diltiazem
Take each dose on an empty stomach at least one hour before or two hours after a meal unless otherwise directed. Do not D/C therapy without consulting a physician.
Diltiazem
Atenolol
Tenormin
CI in patients with sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than 1st degree, cardiogenic shock, and overt cardiac failure
Atenolol
Escitalopram Oxalate
Lexapro
The pure S-enantiomer of citalopram; a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which blocks the neuronal uptake of 5-HT, but not of NE or DA, into human platelets in the CNS
Escitalopram
Oxycodone HCl (controlled-release)
Oxycontin
Analgesia is produced centrally via action on the central opiate receptors. Other therapeutic effects include anxiolysis, euphoria, and feelings of relaxation
Oxycodone controlled-release
CI in patients with respiratory depression in the absence of resuscitative equipment, and in patients with acute or severe bronchial asthma
Oxycodone controlled-release
Topiramate
Topamax
Exact MOA unknown but suspected to: increase frequency of GABA A receptor activation, antagonizes the ability of kainate to activate the glutamate receptor, blocks action potentials elicited repetitively by a sustained depolarization of neurons
Topiramate
Keep well hydrated during therapy to decrease the risk of kidney stone formation. The sprinkle capsules may be swallowed whole or by carefully opening the capsule and sprinkling contents on soft food
Topiramate
Ipratropium Bromide w/ Albuterol Sulfate (solution)
DuoNeb
Take care not to expose the eyes to the nebulizer mist as ocular adverse effects may occur
DuoNeb
Tiotropium Bromide (inhalation)
Spiriva
A long-acting antagonist of the action of acetylcholine at the M3-receptors in the smooth muscle of the bronchial tree
Tiotropium
Prednisone
Deltasone
CI in patients with systemic fungal infections
Prednisone
