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Pharmacy Practice VI > Exam 1 (Drugs 1 - 50) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Drugs 1 - 50) Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocodone bitartrate with APAP

A

Lortab, Vicodin, Lorcet, Norco

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2
Q

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS & through peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation

A

Hydrocodone bitartrate with APAP

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3
Q

Lisinopril

A

Zestril, Prinivil

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4
Q

Competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (therefore causing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)

A

Lisinopril

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5
Q

Use with potassium supplements or other potassium-sparing drugs increases risk of hyperkalemia

A

Lisinopril

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6
Q

CI in patients with a history of angioedema related to a previous treatment with an ACEI

A

Lisinopril

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7
Q

Avoid non-prescription cough, cold, and allergy medications unless otherwise directed

A

Lisinopril

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8
Q

Levothyroxine Sodium

A

Synthroid, Levoxyl, Levothroid

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9
Q

Exact mechanism unknown but does: regulate growth/development, increase metabolic rate, & inhibit secretion of thyrotropin by the pituitary

A

Levothyroxine

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10
Q

Relatively CI in patients with uncorrected adrenal cortical insufficiency, untreated thyrotoxicosis, and acute MI

A

Levothyroxine

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11
Q

Transient loss of hair may be seen in children, but recovery usually occurs

A

Levothyroxine

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12
Q

Simvastatin

A

Zocor

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13
Q

A specific inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase

A

Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin

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14
Q

This drug may increase warfarin & digoxin levels. CYP3A4 inhibitors in conjunction with this drug can increase risk of severe myopathy or rhabdomyolysis.

A

Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin

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15
Q

Myopathy could occur with this drug (ex. muscle pain/tenderness); possible photosensitivity; avoid grapefruit juice

A

Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin

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16
Q

Omeprazole

A

Prilosec

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17
Q

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell

A

Omeprazole, Esomeprazole

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18
Q

Since the pharmacological effect of this drug is to raise gastric pH, absorption of drugs in which bioavailability is determined by gastric pH may be changed

A

Omeprazole, Esomeprazole

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19
Q

Antacids can be used concomitantly with this drug

A

Omeprazole, Esomeprazole

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20
Q

This drug prevents conversion of clopidogrel to its active metabolite

A

Omeprazole

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21
Q

Animal studies have revealed increased risk of gastric carcinoid tumors

A

Omeprazole

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22
Q

Take 30 minutes prior to use; contents of capsule can be opened and mixed with applesauce followed by a glass of water

A

Omeprazole

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23
Q

Metformin

A

Glucophage

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24
Q

A biguanide that improves glucose tolerance in NIDDM; decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis, & improves insulin sensitivity

A

Metformin

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25
Q

CI in patients with impaired renal function (SCr > 1.5 in males and > 1.4 in females); temporarily D/C therapy when undergoing radiologic studies involving iodine.

A

Metformin

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26
Q

Decreased vitamin B12 levels, lactic acidosis (characterized by unexplained hyperventilation, myalgia, malaise, or unusual somnolence)

A

Metformin

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27
Q

Furosemide

A

Lasix

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28
Q

Loop diuretic which inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal and distal tubules, but more importantly in the loop of Henle

A

Furosemide

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29
Q

Can be ototoxic when used in conjunction with AG’s; hypokalemia

A

Furosemide

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30
Q

CI in patients with anuria

A

Furosemide, HCTZ

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31
Q

Big AE’s include hearing loss, weakness, muscle cramps, and anemia

A

Furosemide

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32
Q

Give in the AM to prevent diuresis overnight; avoid overexposure to sunlight; may cause orthostatic hypotension

A

Furosemide

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33
Q

Potassium chloride (oral)

A

Klor-Con, K-Dur, Micro-K

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34
Q

The principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. Normal concentrations 3.5 - 5 mEq/L.

A

Potassium

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35
Q

Use caution with other drugs that may cause hyperkalemia (potassium-sparing diuretics, ACEI’s, salt substitutes)

A

Potassium

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36
Q

CI in patients with hyperkalemia

A

Potassium

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37
Q

Take with or after meals and with a full glass of water. Swallow whole but K-Dur can be halved or dispersed in water. Unabsorbable wax matrix may be found in the stool.

A

Potassium

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38
Q

Gabapentin

A

Neurontin

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39
Q

Exact mechanism is unknown; exhibits antiseizure activity. Structurally similar to GABA but does not interact with GABA receptors.

A

Gabapentin

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40
Q

Antacids decrease the bioavailability of this drug when given at the same time

A

Gabapentin

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41
Q

Do not D/C abruptly due to a possibility of precipitating seizures. Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients < 12 not established.

A

Gabapentin

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42
Q

Amlodipine Besylate

A

Norvasc

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43
Q

Calcium channel blocker which inhibits the movement (influx) of calcium ions across specific cellular membranes (slow channels) in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

A

Amlodipine

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44
Q

Albuterol Sulfate (inhalation)

A

Proventil, Ventolin, Proair

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45
Q

Maintenance dose is 2 inhalations QID

A

Albuterol

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46
Q

Stimulates adenyl cyclase, the enzyme which catalyzes the formation of cAMP from ATP. This formation causes relaxation of bronchial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle through stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors

A

Albuterol, DuoNeb

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47
Q

Alprazolam

A

Xanax

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48
Q

BZD’s facilitate the inhibitory neurotransmitter action of GABA, which mediates both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in all regions of the CNS

A

Alprazolam

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49
Q

Citalopram Hydrobromide

A

Celexa

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50
Q

Blocks the neuronal uptake of serotonin, but not of NE or DA, into human platelets in the CNS (SSRI)

A

Celexa

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51
Q

Up to 2 weeks may be needed before therapeutic effects are seen; do not abruptly D/C therapy; watch for suicidal thoughts or actions

A

Celexa

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52
Q

Ranitidine

A

Zantac

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53
Q

Competitively and reversibly inhibits histamine at the H2 receptors, including receptors on gastric cells

A

Ranitidine

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54
Q

This drug may decrease the clearance of warfarin and lidocaine

A

Ranitidine

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55
Q

Zolpidem Tartrate

A

Ambien

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56
Q

Interacts with the GABA-BZD receptor complex and shares some of the pharmacological properties of the BZD’s

A

Zolpidem

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57
Q

Atorvastatin Calcium

A

Lipitor

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58
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

HydroDiuril, Microzide

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59
Q

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the distal renal tubule

A

HCTZ

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60
Q

CI in patients with anuria or who are hypersensitive to sulfonamide-derived drugs

A

HCTZ

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61
Q

Side effects include muscle cramps and weakness (hint: diuretic)

A

HCTZ

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62
Q

Give in the morning due to increased diuresis

A

HCTZ

63
Q

Tramadol HCl

A

Ultram, Ryzolt

64
Q

A centrally acting synthetic analgesic compound that is not derived from natural sources nor is it chemically related to opiates

A

Tramadol

65
Q

Continuous use may produce psychic and physical dependence of the morphine-type

A

Tramadol

66
Q

Metoprolol Tartrate

A

Lopressor

67
Q

A relatively cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker which: decreases HR & cardiac output, decreases systolic and diastolic BP, inhibits isoproterenol tachycardia, decreases reflex orthostatic tachycardia

A

Metoprolol tartrate & succinate, atenolol

68
Q

This agent can cause masking of hypoglycemic symptoms in diabetics

A

Metoprolol

69
Q

Trazodone HCl

A

Desyrel

70
Q

Inhibits serotonin uptake by brain synaptosomes therefore increasing the behavioral effects of the serotonin precursor, 5-HT

A

Trazodone

71
Q

Absorption is slower but greater when given with food with this drug

A

Trazodone

72
Q

This drug could cause priapism (patients with prolonged or inappropriate penile erection should D/C use immediately and consult a physician)

A

Trazodone

73
Q

Duloxetine HCl

A

Cymbalta

74
Q

A potent inhibitor of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and a slight inhibitor of dopamine reuptake

A

Duloxetine

75
Q

May take up to 4 weeks to see therapeutic effects; watch for suicidal thoughts or actions

A

Duloxetine

76
Q

Carvedilol

A

Coreg

77
Q

A nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with alpha-1 adrenergic blocking activity.

A

Carvedilol

78
Q

CI in NYHA class IV decompensated cardiac failure, bronchial asthma, AV block, cardiogenic shock, or severe bradycardia

A

Carvedilol

79
Q

Take with food to decrease orthostatic hypotension; contact lens wearers may experience decreased lacrimation; do not D/C therapy - requires tapering over 1 - 2 weeks; may mask diabetes hypoglycemia symptoms

A

Carvedilol

80
Q

Warfarin Sodium

A

Coumadin, Jantoven

81
Q

Antagonizes vitamin K resulting in a decreased hepatic synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X)

A

Warfarin

82
Q

Side effects include unusual and unexpected bleeding, abdominal cramping, fever

A

Warfarin

83
Q

Clopidogrel Bisulfate

A

Plavix

84
Q

Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly modifying platelet receptors thereby selectively inhibiting the binding of ADP to the receptor

A

Clopidogrel

85
Q

CI in active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or intracranical hemorrhage

A

Clopidogrel

86
Q

Clonazepam

A

Klonopin

87
Q

BZD that facilitates the inhibitory neurotransmitter action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which mediates both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in all regions of the CNS. It also suppresses the spike and wave discharge in absence seizures

A

Clonazepam

88
Q

Abrupt D/C may precipitate status epilepticus or BZD withdrawal

A

Clonazepam

89
Q

Montelukast Sodium

A

Singulair

90
Q

Binds with high affinity and selectivity to the CysLT1 receptor where it inhibits physiologic actions of LTD4 without any agonist activity

A

Montelukast

91
Q

This drug is not intended for reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthmatic attacks, including status asthmaticus

A

Montelukast

92
Q

Granules can be given either directly in the mouth or mixed with a spoonful of soft food

A

Montelukast

93
Q

Cyclobenzaprine HCl

A

Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid

94
Q

This drug does not act directly on skeletal muscle or at the neuromuscular synapses. It probably exerts its effect by acting at the brain stem in the CNS. Overall effect is a reduction of tonic somatic motor activity influencing both alpha and gamma motoneurons

A

Cyclobenzaprine

95
Q

CI in patients with CHF, hyperthyroidism, cardiac arrhythmias, conductive disturbances, and during acute recovery phase of MI

A

Cyclobenzaprine

96
Q

Sertraline HCl

A

Zoloft

97
Q

MOA thought to be due to an inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin (5-HT).

A

Sertraline

98
Q

Insulin Glargine

A

Lantus

99
Q

A recombinant human insulin analog that is long-acting; insulin is the primary hormone responsible for carrying out proper glucose utilization in metabolic processes

A

Insulin glargine

100
Q

Metoprolol Succinate

A

Toprol XL

101
Q

Quetiapine Fumarate

A

Seroquel

102
Q

A multiple neurotransmitter antagonist with activity at 5-HT1 & 2, D1 & 2, H1, and alpha1 & 2 receptors

A

Quetiapine

103
Q

CI in patients with dementia-related psychosis. May increase suicide thinking and behavior in children and adolescents

A

Quetiapine

104
Q

Lovastatin

A

Mevacor

105
Q

Esomeprazole Magnesium

A

Nexium

106
Q

Take at least 60 minutes prior to eating

A

Esomeprazole

107
Q

Fluticasone Propionate with Salmeterol Xinafoate

A

Advair

108
Q

A synthetic, trifluorinated corticosteroid that binds to certain receptor proteins found in the cytoplasm of sensitive cells to form a steroid-receptor complex

A

Advair

109
Q

CI in primary treatment of status asthmaticus. Long-acting beta2 adrenergic agonists increase the risk of asthma-related death

A

Advair

110
Q

Not intended to provide immediate relief of bronchospasm

A

Advair

111
Q

Fluoxetine HCl

A

Prozac

112
Q

Blocks the neuronal uptake of serotonin, but not of norepinephrine, into human platelets in the CNS (SSRI)

A

Fluoxetine

113
Q

Not indicated for therapy in children < 7

A

Fluoxetine

114
Q

Promethazine HCl with Codeine Phosphate

A

Phenergan with Codeine

115
Q

Competitively inhibits histamine at the H1 receptor site causing a spasmolytic and decongestant effect

A

Phenergan with Codeine

116
Q

CI in patients on other phenothiazines & in patients with lower respiratory tract symptoms (including asthma)

A

Phenergan with Codeine

117
Q

Fluticasone Propionate (nasal)

A

Flonase

118
Q

Adrenocorticoid that binds to certain receptor proteins found in the cytoplasm of sensitive cells to form a steroid-receptor complex

A

Fluticasone propionate, Prednisone

119
Q

Clear nasal passages of secretions prior to use. Oral decongestants may be used if needed. Shake well before use

A

Fluticasone propionate

120
Q

Bupropion HCl

A

Wellbutrin, Zyban

121
Q

Unrelated to TCA’s; Weak inhibitor of neuronal uptake of NE, 5-HT, and DA

A

Bupropion

122
Q

CI in patients with a seizure disorder, history of bulimia or anorexia nervosa, or current therapy with an MAOI

A

Bupropion

123
Q

Tremor can be a side effect of this medication

A

Bupropion

124
Q

Amitriptyline HCl

A

Elavil

125
Q

Inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for the reuptake of NE ad 5-HT at the presynaptic terminals

A

Amitriptyline

126
Q

One of the more sedating of the TCA’s

A

Amitriptyline

127
Q

CI in patients currently on MAOI’s or within 14 days of therapy and during the acute recovery phase following MI

A

Amitriptyline

128
Q

Lorazepam

A

Ativan

129
Q

BZD that facilitates the inhibitory neurotransmitter action of GABA, which mediates both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in all regions of the CNS

A

Lorazepam

130
Q

Meloxicam

A

Mobic

131
Q

MOA is probably due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase resulting in a decreased biosynthesis of prostaglandins

A

Meloxicam

132
Q

Oxycodone with APAP

A

Percocet, Roxicet, Endocet

133
Q

Produces analgesia by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS and through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation. Produces analgesia centrally via action on the central opiate receptors.

A

Oxycodone with APAP

134
Q

Diltiazem HCl

A

Cardizem, Cartia, Tiazac

135
Q

A calcium channel blocker that inhibits the movement (influx) of calcium ions across specific cellular membranes (slow channels) which: dilates coronary arteries and arterioles, inhibits coronary spasm, lowers arterial blood pressure, slows SA & AV conduction, and prolongs AV node ERP & FRP.

A

Diltiazem

136
Q

CI in patients with sick sinus syndrome & 2nd or 3rd degree AV block except in the presence of a functioning ventricular pacemaker and in patients with hypotension

A

Diltiazem

137
Q

Take each dose on an empty stomach at least one hour before or two hours after a meal unless otherwise directed. Do not D/C therapy without consulting a physician.

A

Diltiazem

138
Q

Atenolol

A

Tenormin

139
Q

CI in patients with sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than 1st degree, cardiogenic shock, and overt cardiac failure

A

Atenolol

140
Q

Escitalopram Oxalate

A

Lexapro

141
Q

The pure S-enantiomer of citalopram; a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which blocks the neuronal uptake of 5-HT, but not of NE or DA, into human platelets in the CNS

A

Escitalopram

142
Q

Oxycodone HCl (controlled-release)

A

Oxycontin

143
Q

Analgesia is produced centrally via action on the central opiate receptors. Other therapeutic effects include anxiolysis, euphoria, and feelings of relaxation

A

Oxycodone controlled-release

144
Q

CI in patients with respiratory depression in the absence of resuscitative equipment, and in patients with acute or severe bronchial asthma

A

Oxycodone controlled-release

145
Q

Topiramate

A

Topamax

146
Q

Exact MOA unknown but suspected to: increase frequency of GABA A receptor activation, antagonizes the ability of kainate to activate the glutamate receptor, blocks action potentials elicited repetitively by a sustained depolarization of neurons

A

Topiramate

147
Q

Keep well hydrated during therapy to decrease the risk of kidney stone formation. The sprinkle capsules may be swallowed whole or by carefully opening the capsule and sprinkling contents on soft food

A

Topiramate

148
Q

Ipratropium Bromide w/ Albuterol Sulfate (solution)

A

DuoNeb

149
Q

Take care not to expose the eyes to the nebulizer mist as ocular adverse effects may occur

A

DuoNeb

150
Q

Tiotropium Bromide (inhalation)

A

Spiriva

151
Q

A long-acting antagonist of the action of acetylcholine at the M3-receptors in the smooth muscle of the bronchial tree

A

Tiotropium

152
Q

Prednisone

A

Deltasone

153
Q

CI in patients with systemic fungal infections

A

Prednisone

Pharmacy Practice VI (4 decks)

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