Exam 4: Diabetes 1 Flashcards
What is the leading cause of ESRD in the US?
DM
Which kind of DM results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to an absolute insulin deficiency?
Type 1 DM
What enzyme and antibodies are typically found in patients with Type 1 DM?
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-65 and islet cells antibodies
What are the classic symptoms of Type 1 DM?
- polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
- weight loss
- nocturnal
- blurry vision
- DKA
What kind of DM is more common?
Type 2, approximately 90-95% of cases of DM
What is type 2 DM characterized by?
Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency
Does type 1 or 2 DM occur more gradually?
Type 2
What increases the prevalence of Type 2 DM?
Obesity, particularly visceral or abdominal obesity
What are the common clinical symptoms of Type 1 DM?
- polyuria and polydipsia
- nocturnal
- blurry vision
- paresthesias
- fatigue
- Acanthosis nigricans
Who should be screened for DM?
- Overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 or ≥23 for Asian Americans) adults who have one or more additional risk factors for diabetes
- Screening done for all patients at 45 years old
What are the options for testing of DM?
- Fasting plasma glucose
- 2 hr oral glucose tolerance test
- HbA1c
Which test has a strong predictive value for DM complications?
HbA1c
What fasting blood glucose level is diagnostic for DM?
≥126
What oral glucose tolerance test level is diagnostic of DM?
≥ 200
What HbA1c level is diagnostic of diabetics?
≥6.5%
