Exam 3: Renal Diagnostics Flashcards
What can increase BUN?
Dehydration, GI bleed, and certain meds (tetracycline and steroids)
What is used to track the progression of kidney disease and to dose medications?
GFR
What is PSA?
Prostate specific antigen, a glycoprotein found in high concentrations in the prostatic lumen
PSA levels are detected in every male, but are increased in what conditions?
Prostate cancer, BPH, prostatitis, and following prostate manipulation
What is the treatment for men with abnormal PSA?
Referral to urology
What lab finding is the earliest clinically detectable stage of diabetic nephropathy?
Microalbuminemia
What can a KUB help diagnose?
- Calcification of the urinary tract (identify calcium containing struvite and cystine stones but will miss smaller stones and radiolucent stones (uric acid))
- Prostatic calculus
- Bladder distention
What is the test of choice to exclude urinary tract obstruction?
Renal US
What can a renal Doppler US help identify?
Renal vein thrombosis, renal infarction, renal artery stenosis, intrarenal vascular disease, and arteriosclerosis
You see a hypodense mass with internal echoes on US. What are you concerned about?
Pyelonephritis
What is the diagnostic chest of choice for nephrolithiasis?
Non-Con CT
You see triangular, hypodense streaks spreading from the renal pelvis to cortex on CT. What are you concerned about?
Pyelonephritis
What is the gold standard for renal vein thrombosis?
MRI
Gadolinium increases the risks of *** in patients with chronic renal failure.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
You see a “string of pearls” sign on angiography? What are you concerned about?
Fibromuscular dysplasia
What does a renal biopsy help diagnose?
Unexplained acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, acute nephritic syndrome, renal mass, and assessment for rejection following transplant
What are cystourethrograms used to diagnose?
Vesicoureteral reflux, distortion of the bladder, fistula, and perforation
What are the indications to use a prostate US and biopsy?
Detection of prostate cancer in patients with elevated PSA
What are the indications for a cystoscopy?
- Assess bladder and ureteral involvement due to malignancies
- evaluate urogynecologic conditions ( Incontinence, recurrent infection, hematuria)
- Diagnose intrinsic bladder disease (Bladder tumor, interstitial cystitis, bladder stones, and bladder scarring)
What conditions are urine eosinophils most commonly seen in?
Acute interstitial nephritis
You see radiopaque, branched staghorn calculus filling the collecting systems on KUB. What are you concerned about?
Nephrolithiasis
