Exam 4 (Chapters 13-16) Flashcards
quid pro quo
harassment occurs in the workplace when a manager or other authority figure offers or merely hints that he or she will give the employee something (a raise or a promotion) in return for that employee’s satisfaction of a sexual demand
Hawthorne effect
increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors
eustress
the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance
flow
a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors
biofeedback
stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes
Type A personality
psychological and behavior pattern exhibited by individuals who tend to be extremely
competitive, impatient, rushed, and hostile toward others
job burnout
general sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one’s job; consists of three
dimensions: exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of diminished personal accomplishment
optimism
tendency toward a positive outlook and positive expectations
etiology
cause or causes of a psychological disorder
comorbidity
co-occurrence of two disorders in the same individual
diathesis-stress model
suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder (a diathesis) are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress; model of psychopathology
schizophrenia
severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and
negative symptoms
mania
state of extreme elation and agitation
ADHD
disorder characterized by inattentiveness and/or
hyperactive, impulsive behavior
Bipolar Disorder
mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
confidentiality
therapist cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party, unless mandated or permitted by law
Dorothea Dix
led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States
cognitive-behavioral therapy
form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors
unconditional positive regard
fundamental acceptance of a person regardless of what they say or do; term associated with humanistic psychology
token economy
controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens (e.g., poker chip) that be exchanged for items or privileges
ECT (electro-convulsive shock therapy)
type of biomedical therapy that involves using an electrical current to induce seizures in a person to help alleviate the effects of severe depression
biomedical therapy
treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders
free association
technique in psychoanalysis in which the patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment
19
percentage of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012
internal locus of control
tend to believe that most of our outcomes are the direct result of our efforts
extroversion
characterized by sociability, assertiveness, excitement-seeking, and emotional expression
DSM 5
helps psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
psychoanalysis
therapeutic orientation developed by Sigmund Freud that employs free association, dream analysis, and transference to uncover repressed feelings
