Exam 4 (Chapters 13-16)

Question 1

quid pro quo

Answer 1

harassment occurs in the workplace when a manager or other authority figure offers or merely hints that he or she will give the employee something (a raise or a promotion) in return for that employee’s satisfaction of a sexual demand

Question 2

Hawthorne effect

Answer 2

increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors

Question 3

eustress

Answer 3

the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance

Question 4

flow

Answer 4

a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors

Question 5

biofeedback

Answer 5

stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes

Question 6

Type A personality

Answer 6

psychological and behavior pattern exhibited by individuals who tend to be extremely
competitive, impatient, rushed, and hostile toward others

Question 7

job burnout

Answer 7

general sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one’s job; consists of three
dimensions: exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of diminished personal accomplishment

Question 8

optimism

Answer 8

tendency toward a positive outlook and positive expectations

Question 9

etiology

Answer 9

cause or causes of a psychological disorder

Question 10

comorbidity

Answer 10

co-occurrence of two disorders in the same individual

Question 11

diathesis-stress model

Answer 11

suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder (a diathesis) are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress; model of psychopathology

Question 12

schizophrenia

Answer 12

severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and
negative symptoms

Question 13

mania

Answer 13

state of extreme elation and agitation

Question 14

ADHD

Answer 14

disorder characterized by inattentiveness and/or

hyperactive, impulsive behavior

Question 15

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 15

mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Question 16

confidentiality

Answer 16

therapist cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party, unless mandated or permitted by law

Question 17

Dorothea Dix

Answer 17

led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States

Question 18

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 18

form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors

Question 19

unconditional positive regard

Answer 19

fundamental acceptance of a person regardless of what they say or do; term associated with humanistic psychology

Question 20

token economy

Answer 20

controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens (e.g., poker chip) that be exchanged for items or privileges

Question 21

ECT (electro-convulsive shock therapy)

Answer 21

type of biomedical therapy that involves using an electrical current to induce seizures in a person to help alleviate the effects of severe depression

Question 22

biomedical therapy

Answer 22

treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Question 23

free association

Answer 23

technique in psychoanalysis in which the patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment

Question 24

19

Answer 24

percentage of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012

Question 25

internal locus of control

Answer 25

tend to believe that most of our outcomes are the direct result of our efforts

Question 26

extroversion

Answer 26

characterized by sociability, assertiveness, excitement-seeking, and emotional expression

Question 27

DSM 5

Answer 27

helps psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

Question 28

psychoanalysis

Answer 28

therapeutic orientation developed by Sigmund Freud that employs free association, dream analysis, and transference to uncover repressed feelings