Exam 2 (Chapters 5-8) Flashcards
Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as ________.
sensory adaptation
________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time.
absolute threshold
________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.
transduction
________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
perception
Which of the following is involved in maintaining balance and body posture?
vestibular system
What is the trichromatic theory of color perception?
vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups of cones
What is the opponent-process theory of color perception?
color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and red-green
Two forms of associative learning are ________
and ________.
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.
negative punishment
Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ________.
shaping
In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates _______.
stimulus generalization
The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ________.
model
Extinction occurs when ________.
the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?
variable ratio
Who proposed observational learning?
Albert Bandura
What is divergent thinking?
ability to think “outside the box” to arrive at novel solutions to a problem
What is confirmation bias?
faulty heuristic in which you focus on information that confirms your beliefs
What is a schema?
mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts
Fluid intelligence is characterized by ________.
being able to see complex relationships and solve problems
Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence?
Sternberg
What is dyslexia?
common learning disability in which letters are not processed properly by the brain
A set of expectations that define the behaviors of a person occupying a particular role is called ____.
role schema
The mean score for a person with an average IQ is ________.
100
An exceptionally clear recollection of an important event is a (an) ________.
flashbulb memory
What is elaborative rehearsal?
thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
What is a faulty heuristic in which you focus on information that confirms your beliefs?
confirmation bias
