Exam 4: Chapter 12, 13, 14, and 15 Flashcards
Crude Divorce Rate
The number of divorces per 1,000 people in the population
Refined Divorce Rate
A measure of divorce based on the number of divorces that occur out of every 1,000 married women
Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce
A pattern noted by researchers that people whose parents divorced are also more likely to divorce
No-fault Divorce
A type of divorce, now prevalent in the fifty states, in which a divorcing couple can go before a judge without one party having to blame the other
Legal Separation
A binding agreement signed by both spouses that provides details about child support
Stations of Divorce
The interrelated emotional, legal, economic, co-parental, community, and psychic dimensions of divorce, which together attempt to capture the complexity of the divorce experience
Legal Divorce
The termination of the marriage contract by a state court order
Alimony
Payment by one partner to the other to support the more dependent spouse for a period of time
Legal Custody
A custody agreement where one parent has the legal authority to make important decisions concerning the children after a divorce, such as where they will go to school, in what community or state they will reside, or who will be notified in case of a health emergency or school problem
Sole Legal Custody
A child custody arrangement in which legal custody is granted solely to the parent with whom the child lives
Joint Legal Custody
A custody agreement in which noncustodial parents (usually fathers) retain their legal rights with respect to their children
Physical Custody
A child custody arrangement that decides where the child will reside
Sole Physical Custody
A child custody arrangement in which the child legally lives with one parent and “visits “ the other parent
Joint Physical Custody
A custody arrangement in which children spend a substantial portion of time in the homes of both parents, perhaps altering weeks or days within a week
Child Snatching
The act of a noncustodial parent kidnapping his or her child
Divorce Mediation
A non-adversarial means of resolution, in which the divorcing couple, along with a third party, such as a therapist or trained mediator, negotiate the terms if their financial, custody, and visitation settlements
Child Support Order
A legal document delineating the amount and circumstances surrounding the financial support of noncustodial children
Binuclear Family
A type of family consisting of divorced parents living in two separate households but remaining one family in spirit for the sake of the children
Repartnering
The act of entering into a relationship after a divorce, which may lead to cohabitation or marriage
Double Standard of Aging
The view that women’s attractiveness and femininity decline with age, but men’s attractiveness and masculinity do not decline
Blended Family (or reconstituted family)
Another term for stepfamily; a family that may consist of stepparents, step-siblings, or half-siblings
Siblings
Children who share both biological parents
Step-siblings
Children not biologically related but whose parents are married to one another
Half-sibling
A child who shares one biological parent with another child
Mutual Child(ren)
The child (or children) born to a couple that has remarried
Residential Child(ren)
A child (or children) living in the household with a remarried couple more than half of the time
Nonresidential Child(ren)
A child (or children) living in the household of a divorced parent less than half of the time
Baby Boom Generation
People born in the years after WWII through the early 1960’s
Life Expectancy
The amount of time (in years) a person can expect to live from birth
Centenarian
A person who lives to be at least 100 years old
Social Security
A federal government sponsored cash assistance program for seniors (and survivors)
Life-Stage Perspective
A perspective that claims development proceeds through a fairly set pattern of sequential stages that most people experience
Life-Span Perspective
A perspective that claims development is a lifelong process, is multidirectional, and consists of both positive and negative changes involving gains and loses
Life-Course Perspective
A perspective that sees age-related transitions as socially produced, socially recognized, and shared - a product of social structure, historical forces, and culture
Companionate Grandparenting
A type of grandparenting where the grandparents and grandchildren enjoy recreational activities, occasional overnight stays, and even babysitting with an emphasis on fun and enjoyment
Remote Grandparenting
A type of grandparenting in which the grandparent and grandchildren are emotionally or physically distant
Involved Grandparenting
A type of grandparenting in which the grandparents and grandchildren have frequent interaction or possibly even live together
Kinkeeping
Maintaining ties among family members
Gerontologists
Researchers studying issues affecting the elderly
Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s)
General day-to-day activities such as cooking, cleaning, bathing, and home repair
Dementia
The loss of mental functions such as thinking, memory, and reasoning
Alzheimer’s disease
The most common form of dementia; at present, it is incurable
Formal Care
Care provided by social service agencies on a paid or volunteer basis
Informal Care
Unpaid care by someone close to the care recipient
“Sandwich Generation”
A generation of people who are in the middle of two living generations providing care to members of cohorts on both sides of them, parents and children
Resilience
A multi-faceted ability to thrive despite adversity
Individual-level Protective Factors
Traits including a positive self-concept, sociability, intelligence and scholastic competence, autonomy, self-esteem, androgyny, good communication and problem-solving skills, humor, and good mental and pysical health
Family Protective Factors
Family characteristics or dynamics that shape the family’s ability to endure in the face of risk factors
Family Recovery Factors
Family characteristics or dynamics that assist families in bouncing back from a crisis situation
Community Factors
Community features that help promote resilience, such as social networks and religious and faith-based fellowships
Selective Programs
Programs for which only a select group of people is eligible
Means-tested Programs
Programs for which beneficiaries need to meet some eligibility requirement to quality
Universal Programs
Programs to help strengthen all families without any eligibility requirement
Progressive Taxation
A tax system under which those who earn more pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than those who earn less
National Health Insurance
A healthcare system for all citizens that considers health care a public right
Maternity (family) leave
A paid and guaranteed leave from work to care for children, including after the birth of a child
Flextime
Flexibility in the daily hours of work
Flexplace
Flexibility in the location of work, including working from home
Telecommuting
Flexibility in the location of work, including working from home
Earned Income Tax Credit
A refundable federal tax credit for low-income working families that reduces the amount of taxed owed
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
The principal cash welfare program in the United States
Early Childhood Intervention
Attempts to maintain or improve the quality of life for young children
Cumulative Advantages and Disadvantages
Early life chances that influence statue in later life
