Exam 1: Chapter 1, 2, and 3 Flashcards
Legal vs Social Science Definitions of Family
Family - A relationship by blood, marriage, or affection in which members may cooperate economically, may care for children and consider indetity to be intimatelly connected to the larger group
Family of Orientation
Family you were born into
Family of Procreation
Family you make through marriage, partnering, and/or parenthood
Fictive Kin
Nonrelatives whose bonds are strong and intimate
Functions of families
Support
Love
Fighting / Forgiveness
Financial Support
Stability
Homebase
Companionship
Guidance
Comfort / Care
Remodel
Regulation of Sexual Behavior
Reproducing and Socializing Children
Property and Inheritance
Enconomic Cooperation
Social Placement, Statue, Roles
Marriage
An institutional arrangement between persons to publicy recognize social and intimate bonds
Anthropologist William Stephen’s Definition Marriage
- Socially legitimate sexual union
- Public Announcement
- Undertaken with some idea of permanence
- Assumed with a more or less explicit marriage contract
Family as social institutions
A major sphere of social life, with a set of beliefs and rules that is organized to meet basic human needs
Monogamy
Marriage between one man and one woman
Polygamy
A system that allows for more than one spoise at a time (Gender unspecified)
Patterns of Authority
- Patriarchy
- Matriarchy
- . Egalitarian
Patriarchy
A form of social organization in which the norm or expectation is that men have a natural right ti be in positions of authority
Matriarchy
A form of social organization in which the norm or expectation is that women have a natrual right to be in positions of authority
Egalitarian
Men and women are equal in society
Patterns of Descent
- Bilateral
- Patrilineal
- Matrilineal
Bilateral
Descent traced from both male and female side of family
Patrilineal
Descent traced from man’s line of the family
Matrilineal
Decent traced mostly within the women’s family line
Residence patterns
- Neolocal - Exceptation that newly married couples live independently
- Patrilocal - Exceptation that newly married couples live with the husband’s family
- Matrilocal - Exceptation that newly married couples will live with wife’s life
Empirical Approach
Collection of data to predict behavior
Goals of Family Research
Describle some phenomena
Examine the factors that predict or associate with phenomena
Explain the cause-and-effect relationships or provide insight into why certain events do / do not occur
Six Research Methods
- Survey
- In-depth interviewing
- Experiments
- Focus Groups
- Observational Study
- Secondary Analysis
Survey
Questions to collect data about something
In-depth Interviewing
Looking for themes and examples of this questions to tell us more about certain topics
Experiments
All scienc gold standard, they have a controlled method for finding casue and effect
Focus Groups
Individual experiences that are similar to others
Observational Study
Handss on as well as sitting back and just watching
Secondary Analysis
Data from another purpose to understand different issues
Research Design
Qualitative Research: Narrative descriptions with words to analyze patterns and develop meanings
Quantitative Research: Data that can be measured numerically
Mixed Mrthods : Both working together
Theory
A general framework, explanation or tool used to understand and describe the real-life world
Family Theories
- Structural functionalism: model of why invested in relationship
- Conflict: social inequality
- Feminism: parenting related to gender
- Social Exchange: cost benefite of being in a relationship
- Symbolic Exchange: words/gestures to symbolize relations
- Developmental Theory: developmental framework related to families
- Systems Theory: something effects one family member it effects them all
Social Stratification
Hierarchical ranking of categories of people in society
Sociological Imagination
Recognition that our personal experiences are, in large part, shaped by forces within the larger society
Sex vs Gender
Sex; Biological, physiological, and usually set
Gender: Sociially constructed, mannerisms, and more self-identified
Androgyny
In between masouline and feminine
Gender Socialization
Teaching the cultural norms associated with being male/female
Agents of Socialization
Primary groups responsible for gender socialization
Childhood: Learn to “do gender”
Children are greatly defined by gender
- Name, clothing, decorations
- Treatment by parents and teachers
- Model behavior of some gender individuals
- Rewarded for stereotypical behavior, punished for nonstereotypical
Children
Age 0-2: Know gender
Age 2-5: Preschool aged chldren endorse rules, by 4 most kids playmates are of the same gender
Age 5-11: age 3-7 endorse rules, pre-adolescents hold more flexible gender roles
Adolescence: overt in enacting/enforcing gender roles, trying on roles to determine/establish gender
Race and Ethnicity
Population growing more diverse
Race: skin color
Ethnicity: cultural, belief, language, food and other values
Ethnic Groups - a group of people who share specific cultural features
Minority Groups - less power than domain groups, subject to unequal treatments
Social Capital
social networking connections, which can be a valuable source of information
Prejudice
negative attitude about members of selected racial/ethnic group
Stereotypes
Oversimplified sets of beliefs about a group of people
Discrimination
Behaviors, action or practices based on race
Individual Discrimination
One person exhibiting a negative behavior towards another
Institutional Discrimination
A group of simiiliar people exhibiting negative behavior toward others
Poverty guidelines (Poverty Line)
Guidelines established in 1964 as a way to measure the number of people living in poverty; based on a thrifty food budget, mulitipled by 3
Consequences of Poverty Line
Inadequate Health/Nutrition: food insecurity (lack of nourishing food)
Quality of Home Environment
Parental Stress and Mental Health
Fewer Resources for learning
Housing problems
Poor-quality neighborhoods
Social mobility
Movement from one social class to another
Voluntary temporary singles
Unmarried adults who may be delaying marriage while pursuing education or establishing a career
Voluntary stable singles
Unmarried adults desiring a single (unmarried) lifestyle
Involuntary temporary singles
Singles actively searching for a mate but unable to find a sable one
Involuntary stable singles
Unmarried adults who can expect to be single for life even though they may not want to be
Cross-sex friendships
A friendship between a man and a woman that is strictly platonic
Calling
A dating practice of the 18th and 19th centuries in which a young man would visit a young woman in her parents’ home
Adolescence
The period of life that occurs between childhood and adulthood
Principle of least interest
The idea that unequal emotional involvement between romantic partners has implications for the quality and stability of relationships
Dating script
A set of expectations around dating that are somewhat different for men and women
Homogamous relationships
Relationships in which we spend most of our time with people who are very similar to ourselves
Propinquity
Geographical closeness
Pool of eligibles
The group from which we are likely to choose our mates
Cohabitation
An arrangement in which two people live together without being married
Selection effect
An explanation for the fact that people who cohabit tend to be the same ones who later divorce
Spurious
When a relationship between two variables is actually caused by a third variable
