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Bio141 Exam Review Questions > Exam 4: Chapter 10, 11, +12 > Flashcards

Exam 4: Chapter 10, 11, +12 Flashcards

1
Q

Gametes are ___ cells formed by ____.
A) haploid; mitosis
B) diploid; mitosis
C) haploid; meiosis
D) diploid; meiosis
E) none of the above

A

C) haploid; meiosis

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2
Q

How many total chromosomes does a normal diploid human cell have?
A) 23
B) 24
C) 46
D) 48
E) 56

A

C) 46

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3
Q

What combination of sex chromosomes do genetically normal human females have?
A) XX
B) XY
C) YY
D) XO
E) ZW

A

A) XX

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4
Q

Which of the following statements about meiosis is NOT TRUE?
A) it is performed ONLY by reproductive cells
B) it consists of two consecutive rounds of cell division
C) crossing-over may occur during meiosis 1
D) It is a “conservative” cell division
E) it produced haploid gametes

A

D) It is a “conservative” cell division

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5
Q

A fertilized egg is called a(n)
A) gamete
B) ascomycete
C) tetrad
D) fetus
E) zygote

A

E) zygote

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6
Q

Crossing-over is the physical exchange of genetic material that occurs only between
A) non-homologous, sister chromatids
B) homologous, sister chromatids
C) non-homologous, non-sister chromatids
D) homologous, non-sister chromatids
E) all of the above

A

D) homologous, non-sister chromatids

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7
Q

The first stage of meiosis is
A) anaphase 1
B) prophase 1
C) metaphase 1
D) telophase 1
E) interkinesis

A

B) prophase 1

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8
Q

During which stage of meiosis do the tetrads line up along the middle of the cell?
A) telophase 1
B) metaphase 1
C) telophase 2
D) metaphase 2
E) none of the above

A

B) metaphase 1

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9
Q

Which of the following organelles did you inherit exclusively from your mother?
A) mitochondria
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi body
D) ribosomes
E) all of the above

A

E) all of the above

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10
Q

Which of the following is an enlarged micrograph depicting a person’s chromosomes organized by type. It may be used by a geneticist to diagnose a chromosomal defect.
A) genotype
B) karyotype
C) allotype
D) haplotype
E) phenotype

A

B) karyotype

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11
Q

Sperm formation occurs in ____; egg formation occurs in _____.
A) testes; ovaries
B) testes; oviducts
C) ovaries; testes
D) oviducts; testes
E) lymph nodes; lymph nodes

A

A) testes; ovaries

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12
Q

Upon the completion of meiosis, one spermatagonium normally produces
A) 1 egg and 1 sperm
B) 4 eggs
C) 4 sperm
D) 1 sperm
E) 1 sperm and 3 polar bodies

A

C) 4 sperm

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13
Q

Polar bodies develop into
A) eggs
B) sperm
C) eggs and sperm
D) somatic cells
E) none of the above

A

E) none of the above

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14
Q

Nondisjunction is defined as
A) the failure of daughter cells to separate during cell division
B) the failure of paired chromosomes to separate during cell division
C) the failure of nuclei to assemble or disassemble during cell division
D) the failure of a mitotic spindle to assemble during cell division
E) the failure of paired chromosomes to aligh along the metaphase plate during cell division

A

B) the failure of paired chromosomes to separate during cell division

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15
Q

Individuals with Down Syndrome have a total of
A) one copy of chromosome 21
B) two copies of chromosome 21
C) three copies of chromosome 21
D) four copies of chromosome 21
E) none of the above

A

C) three copies of chromosome 21

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16
Q

Individuals with Turner syndrome are genetically
A) males with one Y chromosome and two or more X chromosomes
B) males with one X chromosome and two or more Y chromosomes
C) females with one X chromosome only
D) females with one Y chromosome and two or more X chromosomes
E) females with three X chromosomes

A

C) females with one X chromosome only

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17
Q

Gregor Mendel’s genetic experiments were performed using
A) fruit flies
B) mice
C) pea plants
D) guinea pigs
E) bacteria

A

C) pea plants

18
Q

Any non-sex chromosome is called a(n)
A) autosome
B) ribosome
C) microsome
D) centrosome
E) histone

A

A) autosome

19
Q

Different versions of the same genes are called
A) autosomes
B) anthers
C) centromeres
D) histones
E) alleles

A

E) alleles

20
Q

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is called a(n)
A) allele
B) locus
C) karyotype
D) zygote
E) histone

A

B) locus

21
Q

Which of the following human diseases is X-linked?
A) Marfan syndrome
B) cystic fibrosis
C) sickle cell disease
D) hemophilia
E) all of the above

A

D) hemophilia

22
Q

Sickle-cell disease in humans demonstrates
A) X-linked alleles
B) Y-linked alleles
C) polygenic inheritance
D) codominance
E) heterozygote advantage

A

E) heterozygote advantage

23
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between a cytosine (C) and guanine (G) base pair?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

A

C) 3

24
Q

The four main types of RNA are mRNA, rRNA, snRNA, and
A) bRNA
B) fRNA
C) kRNA
D) pRNA
E) tRNA

A

E) tRNA

25
Q

Which nitrogen-containing base is present in RNA but absent from DNA?
A) uracil
B) cytosine
C) adenine
D) thymine
E) guanine

A

A) uracil

26
Q

DNA molecules normally consist of
A) one strand of amino acids
B) two strands of amino acids
C) one strand of nucleotides
D) two strands of nucleotides
E) none of the above

A

D) two strands of nucleotides

27
Q

The two ends of a single strand of DNA are designated
A) 3’ and 3’
B) 4’ and 4’
C) 5’ and 5’
D) 3’ and 4’
E) 3’ and 5’

A

E) 3’ and 5’

28
Q

If the sequence of bases of one DNA strand is GCAAT, then what is the sequence of bases on the complementary DNA strand?
A) GCAAT
B) TACCG
C) CGTTA
D) ATGGC
E) CGUUA

A

C) CGTTA

29
Q

DNA replication is
A) conservative
B) nonconservative
C) semiconservative
D) dispersive
E) none of the above

A

C) semiconservative

30
Q

Which of the following statements about normal DNA molecules is TRUE?
A) DNA molecules consist of 3 strands
B) the strands in a DNA molecule are antiparallel
C) the strands ina DNA molecules are held together by disulfide bonds
D) DNA molecules are left-handed helices
E) DNA molecules contain 5 types of grooves

A

B) the strands in a DNA molecule are antiparallel

31
Q

In prokaryotes, DNA replication occurs
A) in the cytoplasm
B) in the golgi body
C) in the endoplasmic reticulum
D) in the nucleus
E) all of the above

A

A) in the cytoplasm

32
Q

In eukaryotes, DNA replication occurs
A) in the cytoplasm
B) in the golgi body
C) in the endoplasmic reticulum
D) in the nucleus
E) all of the above

A

D) in the nucleus

33
Q

The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication and transcription is
A) helicase
B) RNA polymerase
C) DNA polymerase
D) DNA ligase
E) rubisco

A

A) helicase

34
Q

The enzyme that copies DNA molecules into DNA is
A) helicase
B) RNA polymerase
C) DNA polymerase
D) DNA ligase
E) rubisco

A

C) DNA polymerase

35
Q

The enzyme that transcribes DNA molecules into mRNA is
A) helicase
B) RNA polymerase
C) DNA polymerase
D) DNA ligase
E) rubisco

A

B) RNA polymerase

36
Q

The enzyme that stitches together the DNA fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication is
A) helicase
B) RNA polymerase
C) DNA polymerase
D) DNA ligase
E) rubisco

A

D) DNA ligase

37
Q

Which segments in mRNA are removed during splicing?
A) introns
B) exons
C) origins of replication
D) promoters
E) none of the above

A

A) introns

38
Q

The “tail” attached to the 3’ end of eukaryotic mRNA molecules consists of 150-200
A) A nucleotides
B) C nucleotides
C) G nucleotides
D) U nucleotides
E) T nucleotides

A

A) A nucleotides

39
Q

How many molecules make up each codon in the genetic code?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 20
D) 46
E) 64

A

A) 3

40
Q

How many unique codons make up the genetic code in total?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 20
D) 46
E) 64

A

E) 64

41
Q

Which type of RNA is translated into protein?
A) snRNA
B) rRNA
C) mRNA
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

C) mRNA

42
Q

Ribosomes translate one codon into
A) one nucleotide
B) three nucleotides
C) one amino acid
D) three amino acids
E) none of the above

A

C) one amino acid

Bio141 Exam Review Questions (4 decks)

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