Exam 1: Chapter 1,2,+3

Question 1

Humans have a normal body temperature of 37 degrees C. This temperature remains relatively constant, even when the temperature outside the body changes. This is an example of
A) Behavior
B) Homeostasis
C) Metabolism
D) Evolution
E) Reproduction

Answer 1

B) Homeostasis

Question 2

The transmission of DNA from parents to offspring is the primary aspect of
A) Behavior
B) Homeostasis
C) Metabolism
D) Evolution
E) Reproduction

Answer 2

E) Reproduction

Question 3

What are modifications that help organisms survive and/or reproduce in a particular environment?
A) Domains
B) Decomposers
C) Adaptations
D) Kingdoms
E) Biodiversity

Answer 3

C) Adaptations

Question 4

Adaptations arise spontaneously and unintentionally as a result of random _____.
A) Evolution
B) Mutations
C) Metabolism
D) Molecules
E) Nutrients

Answer 4

B) Mutations

Question 5

The processes that involve acquiring nutrients and energy from the environment are collectively called
A) Reproduction
B) Homeostasis
C) Biodiversity
D) Metabolism
E) Taxonomy

Answer 5

D) Metabolism

Question 6

Living things that acquire energy by breaking down the dead bodies of other living things are called
A) Saprotrophs
B) Producers
C) Consumers
D) Mammals
E) Prokaryotes

Answer 6

A) Saprotrophs

Question 7

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from smallest (left) to largest (right)?
A) molecule< atom< cell< organ< tissue
B) tissue< molecule< cell< atom< organ
C) cell< atom< molecule< organ< tissue
D) organ< tissue< cell< molecule< atom
E) atom< molecule< cell< tissue< organ

Answer 7

E) atom< molecule< cell< tissue< organ

Question 8

The broadest, most inclusive category of classification for living things is called
A) Kingdom
B) Phylum
C) Genus
D) Domain
E) Species

Answer 8

D) Domain

Question 9

Which of the following cell types have a nucleus?
A) Animals
B) Plants
C) Fungi
D) Protists
E) All of the above

Answer 9

E) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following organisms are prokaryotic?
A) Fungi
B) Animals
C) Plants
D) Bacteria
E) Protists

Answer 10

D) Bacteria

Question 11

Animals and Fungi are
A) in the same domain
B) in the same kingdom
C) in the same genus
D) in the same class
E) in the same phylum

Answer 11

A) in the same domain

Question 12

What is a hypothesis?
A) A question used to guide ethical and moral decisions
B) The results of an experiment displayed in a table or graph
C) A mathematical concept that has been proven true
D) A possible explanation for a natural event based on available evidence
E) A type of experiment that includes a control group

Answer 12

D) A possible explanation for a natural event based on available evidence

Question 13

Performing an experiment is one way to test a hypothesis. How else might you test a hypothesis?
A) Draw a conclusion
B) Propose a theory
C) Take a series of measurements
D) Ask a question
E) all of the above

Answer 13

C) Take a series of measurements

Question 14

What is a theory?
A) A scientific idea supported by many well-tested hypotheses
B) A general scientific statement that infers a number of conclusions
C) A possible scientific explanation based on anecdotal evidence
D) A tentative statement used to guide experimentation
E) A preliminary scientific hypothesis to an unanswered question

Answer 14

A) A scientific idea supported by many well-tested hypotheses

Question 15

Which of the following is the most abundant element by weight in living things?
A) carbon
B) oxygen
C) nitrogen
D) hydrogen
E) iron

Answer 15

B) oxygen

Question 16

A(n) _____ is a subatomic particle with a positive charge; while a(n) ____ has a negative charge
A) proton; neutron
B) electron; proton
C) neutron; electron
D) proton; electron
E) electron; neutron

Answer 16

D) proton; electron

Question 17

Atoms consist of protons and neutrons in the ____ and electrons in ____ surrounding the nucleus.
A) shells; isotopes
B) nucleus; shells
C) domain; kingdom
D) hydroxyl; amino
E) skeleton; functional groups

Answer 17

B) nucleus; shells

Question 18

A certain isotope of carbon (C) has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 7 neutrons per atom. What is the atomic mass of this isotope of carbon?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 19
D) 13
E) 667

Answer 18

D) 13

Question 19

What is the atomic number of carbon?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 13
D) 19
E) 12.01

Answer 19

A) 6

Question 20

How many electrons are located in the valence shell of a carbon atom?
A) 2
B) 13
C) 6
D) 12
E) 4

Answer 20

E) 4

Question 21

Ions are atoms with a negative or positive charge because they have gained or lost one or more
A) electrons
B) protons
C) neutrons
D) pairs of protons
E) pairs of electrons

Answer 21

A) electrons

Question 22

What kind of chemical bond is found in a molecule of table salt (NaCl)?
A) hydrogen
B) peptide
C) ionic
D) covalent
E) disulfide

Answer 22

C) ionic

Question 23

What kind of chemical bond is found in a molecule of methane (CH4)?
A) hydrogen
B) peptide
C) ionic
D) covalent
E) disulfide

Answer 23

D) covalent

Question 24

What kind of chemical bonds are found in a molecule of water (H2O)?
A) ionic
B) nonpolar covalent
C) polar covalent
D) hydrophobic
E) none of the above

Answer 24

C) polar covalent

Question 25

In a double covalent bond, two atoms share A) one electron B) two electrons C) four electrons D) six electrons E) none of the above

Answer 25

C) four electrons

Question 26

A carbon (C) atom can complete its valence shell by A) forming a single covalent bond with a second carbon atom B) forming a double covalent bond with a second carbon atom C) acquiring two electrons, thus acquiring a net charge D) shedding two electrons, thus acquiring a net charge E) forming a single covalent bond with each of four H atoms

Answer 26

E) forming a single covalent bond with each of four H atoms

Question 27

Water is liquid at room temperature because A) living things are made mostly of water B) water is nonpolar C) water is hydrophobic D) water is a strong acid E) water can form hydrogen bonds

Answer 27

E) water can form hydrogen bonds

Question 28

A solution with a pH of 2.0 is considered A) acidic B) neutral C) alkaline D) polar E) basic

Answer 28

A) acidic

Question 29

What type of molecules are insoluble in water? A) hydrophilic B) polar C) charged D) hydrophobic E) solids

Answer 29

D) hydrophobic

Question 30

____ are substances that neutralize acids or bases, thus helping to maintain pH A) acids B) buffers C) neutrons D) isotopes E) bases

Answer 30

B) buffers

Question 31

pH is a measure of the ____ concentration in a solution. A) H2O B) O2 C) H+ D) Na+ E) isotope

Answer 31

C) H+

Question 32

Which of the following functional groups is always found in all amino acids? A) -NH2 B) -CH2-CH3 C) -SH D) -CH3 E) -OH

Answer 32

A) -NH2

Question 33

Which of the following functional groups is always found in all alcohols? A) -CH3 B) -OH C) -SH D) -COOH E) -COOH

Answer 33

B) -OH

Question 34

Proteins are polymers constructed from 20 different types of smaller monomer subunits called ____. A) fatty acids B) polysaccharides C) monosaccharides D) nucleotides E) amino acids

Answer 34

E) amino acids

Question 35

In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are linked together by a type of covalent bond called a ___ bond. A) glycosidic B) ester C) disulfide D) peptide E) phosphodiester

Answer 35

A) glycosidic

Question 36

Nucleotides are the building blocks for A) polysaccharides B) lipids C) proteins D) DNA and RNA E) all of the above

Answer 36

D) DNA and RNA

Question 37

In general, dehydration reactions join ____ together to make ____. A) protons; neutrons B) monomers; polymers C) isomers; isotopes D) neutrons; electrons E) polymers; monomers

Answer 37

B) monomers; polymers

Question 38

Glucose and galactase each have the molecular formula of C6H12O6. They are A) amino acids B) isotopes C) buffers D) isomers E) disaccharides

Answer 38

D) isomers

Question 39

Our bodies store excess energy in the form of glycogen, which is made of A) amino acids B) nucleotides C) polypeptides D) fatty acids E) glucose

Answer 39

E) glucose

Question 40

Ribose and deoxyribose are A) amino acids B) hexoses C) pentoses D) disaccharides E) fatty acids

Answer 40

C) pentoses

Question 41

Which of the following is not a polysaccharide? A) starch B) cellulose C) chitin D) glycogen E) collagen

Answer 41

E) collagen

Question 42

____ fatty acids form straight chains of carbons and hydrogens and are ___ at room temperature due to hydrophobic effects. A) unsaturated; liquids B) saturated; solids C) unsaturated; gases D) saturated; liquids E) unsaturated; solids

Answer 42

B) saturated; solids

Question 43

What are the primary structural components of all cell membranes? A) glucose monomers B) phospholipids C) DNA D) collagen E) amino acids

Answer 43

B) phospholipids

Question 44

Amphipathic molecules are A) part carbohydrates and part amino acids B) part acidic and part basic C) part hydrophilic and part hydrophobic D) part organic and part inorganic E) all of the above

Answer 44

C) part hydrophilic and part hydrophobic

Question 45

Cholesterol is a A) carbohydrate B) steroid C) protein D) monosaccharide E) phospholipid

Answer 45

B) steroid

Question 46

In living things, proteins are used for A) structural support B) transportation C) communication D) immune defense E) all of the above

Answer 46

E) all of the above

Question 47

Chaperone proteins A) digest other proteins B) store a supply of amino acids C) help other proteins fold properly D) allow cells to communicate E) allow cells to move

Answer 47

C) help other proteins fold properly

Question 48

a-helices and b-sheets are universal components of the ___ structure of proteins A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) all of the above

Answer 48

B) secondary

Question 49

A protein that has lost its normal three-dimensional shape is said to be A) digested B) degraded C) destroyed D) denatured E) degenerate

Answer 49

D) denatured