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Bio141 Exam Review Questions > Exam 2: Chapter 4, 5, +6 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Chapter 4, 5, +6 Flashcards

1
Q

All living things are composed of at least one ____.
A) atom
B) cell
C) tissue
D) molecule
E) electron

A

B) cell

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2
Q

Which of the following is the smallest?
A) a typical bacterial cell
B) a typical protist cell
C) a typical animal cell
D) a typical virus cell
E) a typical plant cell

A

D) a typical virus cell

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3
Q

A smaller size increases the ____ -to-volume ratio of a cell.
A) surface area
B) density
C) homeostasis
D) pH
E) blood

A

A) surface area

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4
Q

Which of the following are prokaryotic?
A) bacteria
B) protozoans
C) animals
D) fungi
E) plants

A

A) bacteria

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5
Q

Prokaryotic cells do NOT contain
A) a nucleus
B) a plasma membrane
C) a chromosome
D) ribosomes
E) a cell wall

A

A) a nucleus

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6
Q

The semifluid enclosed by a cell’s plasma membrane is called the
A) glycocalyx
B) chromosome
C) cytoplasm
D) cell wall
E) nucleus

A

C) cytoplasm

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7
Q

Bacterial cells contain
A) a cytoplasm
B) a cell wall
C) a chromosome
D) ribosomes
E) all of the above

A

E) all of the above

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8
Q

In a prokaryotic cell, the middle layer of the cell envelope is called
A) the plasma membrane
B) the glycocalyx
C) the cell wall
D) the chromosome

A

C) the cell wall

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9
Q

Flagella are whip-like tails that some cells use for
A) locomotion
B) DNA exchange
C) reproduction
D) secretion
E) all of the above

A

A) locomotion

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10
Q

The theory of endosymbiosis explains the origins of
A) mitochondria and chloroplasts
B) flagella
C) the ER and Golgi body
D) DNA and RNA

A

A) mitochondria and chloroplasts

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11
Q

The largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell is usually the
A) mitochondria
B) ribosomes
C) Golgi body
D) nucleus
E) lysosomes

A

D) nucleus

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12
Q

Ribosomes are present
A) in some prokaryotic cells
B) in some eukaryotic cells
C) in all prokaryotic cells
D) in all eukaryotic cells
E) in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

E) in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

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13
Q

The interior of any tubular organ or organelle is called the
A) matrix
B) lumen
C) ribosome
D) nucleus
E) stroma

A

B) lumen

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14
Q

In a eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs in the ___ and translation occurs at the ____.
A) cytoplasm; cell wall
B) nucleus; ribosomes
C) cytoplasm; ribosomes
D) nucleus; cell wall

A

B) nucleus; ribosomes

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15
Q

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) have attached to its outer surface?
A) chromosomes
B) plasmids
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes
E) flagella

A

D) ribosomes

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16
Q

In order to more easily receive transport vesicles, the Cis side of the Golgi body directly faces the
A) cell wall
B) glycocalyx
C) plasma membrane
D) mitochondria
E) endoplasmic reticulum

A

E) endoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

A typical plant cell contains
A) ribosomes
B) a central vacuole
C) chloroplasts
D) mitochondria
E) all of the above

A

E) all of the above

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18
Q

The thylakoid and stroma are located in which organelle?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) vesicles
D) nucleus
E) endoplasmic reticulum

A

A) chloroplasts

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19
Q

Which component of the cytoskeleton provides “tracks” for the movement of vesicles and other organelles?
A) microfilaments
B) microtubules
C) actin filaments
D) intermediate filaments

A

B) microtubules

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20
Q

The basic structure of ALL cell membranes is a
A) phospholipid bilayer
B) protein monolayer
C) protein bilayer
D) phospholipid monolayer

A

A) phospholipid bilayer

21
Q

Cell membranes are “fluid”. This means that they are ____.
A) rigid
B) asymmetric
C) mixtures
D) flexible
E) permeable

A

D) flexible

22
Q

Which type of membrane proteins interact with signal molecules on the outside of the cell?
A) adhesion
B) carrier
C) receptor
D) enzymatic

A

C) receptor

23
Q

The passive movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called
A) phagocytosis
B) active transport
C) osmosis
D) diffusion
E) exocytosis

A

D) diffusion

24
Q

The passive movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane is called
A) phagocytosis
B) active transport
C) osmosis
D) diffusion
E) exocytosis

A

C) osmosis

25
Q

O2 and CO2 are small and hydrophobic. Therefore
A) they may diffuse directly through cell membranes very quickly
B) they may diffuse directly through cell membranes, but slowly
C) they may pas through a cell membrane only with the help of a transporter
D) they may never pass through a cell membrane

A

A) they may diffuse directly through cell membranes very quickly

26
Q

Ions are very hydrophilic and are therefore unable to diffuse directly across a cell membrane. Which of the following are examples of ions?
A) CO2 and O2
B) Na+, K+, H+, and Cl-
C) glucose and fructose
D) amino acids and nucleotides

A

B) Na+, K+, H+, and Cl-

27
Q

Glucose is relatively large and polar. Therefore
A) they may diffuse directly through cell membranes very quickly
B) they may diffuse directly through cell membranes, but slowly
C) they may pas through a cell membrane only with the help of a transporter
D) they may never pass through a cell membrane

A

C) they may pass through a cell membrane only with the help of a transporter

28
Q

Tonicity is a measure of the relative total ___ concentrations of two solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane.
A) solute
B) salt
C) water
D) protein
E) sugar

A

A) solute

29
Q

When a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution such as 0.9% saline.
A) nothing happens
B) The cell will shrivel (“crenate”) as it loses water
C) the cell will swell as it gains water and possibly explode (“lyse”)
D) the cell wall will exert a counter-pressure, preventing osmotic lysis

A

A) nothing happens

30
Q

When a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution such as pure water.
A) nothing happens
B) The cell will shrivel (“crenate”) as it loses water
C) the cell will swell as it gains water and possibly explode (“lyse”)
D) the cell wall will exert a counter-pressure, preventing osmotic lysis

A

C) the cell will swell as it gains water and possibly explode (“lyse”)

31
Q

The intake of large molecules, particles, or whole cells by other cells is called
A) exocytosis
B) pinocytosis
C) phagocytosis
D) facilitated diffusion
E) secretion

A

C) phagocytosis

32
Q

Energy occurs in two forms: ___ energy is the energy of motion, while ___ energy is stored energy
A) potential; heat
B) chemical; mechanical
C) kinetic; potential
D) mechanical; kinetic
E) chemical; heat

A

C) kinetic; potential

33
Q

Converting energy from one form to another is never 100% efficient. Some energy is always lost as ____.
A) radioactivity
B) chemical bonds
C) electrons
D) protons
E) heat

A

E) heat

34
Q

Catabolic pathways, like cellular respiration, are always
A) degradative and exergonic
B) degradative and endergonic
C) biosynthetic and exergonic
D) biosynthetic and endergonic
E) none of the above

A

A) degradative and exergonic

35
Q

“Endergonic” means that
A) electrons are consumed
B) electrons are released
C) energy is consumed
D) energy is released
E) none of the above

A

C) energy is consumed

36
Q

Consider the following pathway:
A+B= C = D+E. Molecule “D” represents
A) an enzyme
B) a cofactor
C) a reactant
D) an intermediate
E) a product

A

E) a product

37
Q

Each and every step of a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a different
A) enzyme
B) cofactor
C) reactant
D) intermediate
E) product

A

A) enzyme

38
Q

The “universal energy currency for cells” is
A) O2
B) DNA
C) RNA
D) CO2
E) ATP

A

E) ATP

39
Q

Reduction is the
A) gain of electrons
B) loss of neutrons
C) gain of electrons
D) loss of electrons
E) none of the above

A

C) gain of electrons

40
Q

Enzymes are
A) reusable
B) reversible
C) very fast
D) very specific
E) all of the above

A

E) all of the above

41
Q

How do enzymes speed up metabolic reactions?
A) Enzymes prevent substrates from coming into contact with one another
B) Enzymes increase the temperature of the reaction
C) Enzymes slow down the creation of products
D) Enzymes act as a buffer to prevent pH changes
E) Enzymes reduce the activation energy required to start a reaction

A

E) Enzymes reduce the activation energy required to start a reaction

42
Q

How many phosphate groups does ATP contain?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

A

D) 3

43
Q

The hydrolysis of ATP is
A) exergonic and catabolic
B) endergonic and catabolic
C) exergonic and anabolic
D) endergonic and anabolic

A

A) exergonic and catabolic

44
Q

H+ is equivalent to
A) a neutron
B) a proton
C) an electron
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A

B) a proton

45
Q

NADPH, NADH, and FADH2 are carriers of
A) methyl groups
B) ATP
C) neutrons
D) electrons
E) acetyl groups

A

D) electrons

46
Q

Most enzymes are
A) RNA
B) DNA
C) carbohydrates
D) proteins
E) lipids

A

D) proteins

47
Q

Which gas is produced during photosynthesis?
A) CO2
B) H2O
C) C6H12O6
D) O2

A

D) O2

48
Q

Which gas is consumed during cellular respiration?
A) CO2
B) H2O
C) C6H12O6
D) O2

A

D) O2

Bio141 Exam Review Questions (4 decks)

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