Exam 4 (Ch 16) Respiratory Flashcards
Name the parts of the respiratory system:
Gas exchange
communication
olfaction
acid-base balance
What are the three types of alveolar cells?
Squamous (type I) alveolar cells
Great (type II) alveolar cells
Alveolar macrophages
which cells prevent hydrogen bonding (which would cause the alveoli to collapse)?
Great (type II) alveolar. They produce pulmonary surfactant
What lines the thoracic wall
parietal pleural.
what covers the lungs
visceral pleural effusion
where is the intrapleural (or pleural cavity) space?
between the parietal and visceral pleura
What is Boyle’s Law?
at a constant temperature, volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure.
P1V1=P2V2
pressure of air outside the body, 760 mm Hg at sea level.
atmospheric pressure
pressure in the lungs
intrapulmonary or intra-alveolar pressure
pressure within the intrapleural
space (between parietal and visceral pleura); contains a
thin layer of fluid to serve as a lubricant
intrapleural pressure
pressure
difference across the wall of the lung
transpulmonary or transmural pressure
Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure?
Expiration
Intrapulmonary pressure
is lower than atmospheric pressure.
Inspiration
Flatten diaphragm and elevate thoracic cage to
increase thoracic volume
quiet inspiration
Greatly increase thoracic volume
forced inspiration
Passive process, muscle relax and lungs recoil
Quiet expiration.
Increases abdominal pressure
* Valsalva Maneuver (test: forcable exhale against closed airway)
forced expiration.
Histamine, parasympathetic nerves, cold air, and chemical irritants, anaphylactic shock and asthma all cause what?
Bronchoconstriction
Epinephrine and sympathetic stimulation cause what?
bronchodilation
ease with which the lungs
can expand
pulmonary compliance
what accounts for the elasticity of the lungs?
elastin fibers
What does surfactant work
Amphiphilic liquid of phospholipids and hydrophobic protein
* Reduces surface tension between water molecules by reducing
the number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules
* Prevents collapse of alveolus
Premature babies that lack surfactant dont’ have what type of cells?
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). Type II
