Ch 10 Flashcards
Antagonistic effect example
SNS, PSNS
cooperative effect example
SNS relax internal urethral sphincter. PSNS increase bladder contraction. =peeing
Dual innervation
control something from both SNS and PSNS
Hypothalamus
command center, send signals to brain stem and
cross talk between…
cerebral cortex and limbic system, limbic system and hypothalamus?
what activates these receptors? Mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors
mechanical force/, tissue damage, dissolved chemicals (smell and taste), light (eyes)
Phasic receptor
fast adapting (stop smelling something after a bit. cold, hot bath, turtle-neck)
tonic receptor
slow-adapting (pain)
THree types of nociceptive pain
visceral (organs), Deep somatic pain (bones joints muscles), Superficial somatic pain (the skin)
medical two categories for pain
nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain (neuropathies. physical injuries to nerves)
WHy do you feel pain in ur arm when ur having heart problems
it’s called convergence of neural pathways in CNS
what peptides makes us aware of injury and activates cascade of reations that promote healting
Bradykinin, it’s the most potent. Histamine, prostaglandin, and serotonin also stimulate nociceptors
WHat are endogenous opioids.
-Internally produced opium-like substances
- Act as neuromodulators that block pain and stimulate pleasure
-made by cells in organs
Enkephalins
endogenous opioid,
- Two different analgesic oligopeptides
* 200x the potency of morphine
Endorphins and dynorphins
larger analgesic neuropeptides, cause euphoria
Cones have a what?
trichromatic capability. short (blue), medium(green), and long(Red) wavelength cones
What is colorblindness a lack of
photopsin. It’s most likely red-green
Photoreceptors
rods and cones
Bipolar cells
interneuron between photoreceptors and ganglion cells
ganglion cells
axons leave the eye at the optic disc to make the optic nerve
Dark current
we have inhibitory neurotransmitters. Na+ influx into the rod cell.
Cranial nerve VIII, Vestibulocochlear controls what?
hearing and equalibrium
