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Biology II > Exam 4: Animal Behavior > Flashcards

Exam 4: Animal Behavior Flashcards

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0
Q

what is the site of gas exchange?

A

thin, moist surface (epithelium)

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1
Q

what is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

what does the site of gas exchange consist of?

A

capillary beds and a barrier-forming concentration gradient

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3
Q

what are the concentrations on each end of the barrier-forming concentration gradient?

A

one area of high oxygen and carbon dioxide

one area of low oxygen and carbon dioxide

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4
Q

which animals have gills?

A

fish and some amphibians

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5
Q

how much of the air for aquatic animals is oxygen?

A

21%

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6
Q

LOOK AT GILL STRUCTURE IN NOTES!!!

A

LOOK AT GILL STRUCTURE IN NOTES!!!

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7
Q

How many pairs of gills are in fish? amphibians?

A

5 pairs

3 pairs

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8
Q

what kind of blood runs through the gills?

A

deoxygenated blood

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9
Q

where does blood with carbon dioxide enter the gills?

A

back end of gill region

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10
Q

where does water with oxygen enter the gills?

A

front end of gills region

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11
Q

how long does oxygen diffuse?

A

as long as there is a gradient

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12
Q

LOOK AT FISH GILLS DIAGRAM IN NOTES!!!

A

LOOK AT FISH GILLS DIAGRAM IN NOTES!!!

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13
Q

what concentration does oxygen go from? what does it go to?

A

from high to low

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14
Q

What type of respiration is within the skin?

A

cutaneous

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15
Q

what type of respiration is in the lining of the mouth?

A

buccopharyngeal

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16
Q

what type of respiration is through sacs?

A

lung

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17
Q

with each inhalation/exhalation cycle in mammals, how much air is replenished?

A

less than 1/6 %

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18
Q

what is most of the pathway of air lined with?

A

mucous secreting ciliated epithelium

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19
Q

what is some of the pathway of air lined with?

A

cartilage ring

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20
Q

what are external nares? what do they consist of?

A

naval cavity

cilid and mucous

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21
Q

what are internal nares?

A

pharynx of mouth cavity

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22
Q

what is the point where the respiratory and digestive systems cross paths?

A

pharynx of mouth cavity

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23
Q

what is the opening to the respiratory tube?

A

glottis

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24
Q

what prevents items from entering the glottis?

A

epiglottis

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25
Q

what is the voice box? what is it a part of?

A

larynx

trachea

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26
Q

what is the wind pipe?

A

trachea

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27
Q

what is at the fork of the trachea?

A

2 bronchi

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28
Q

which bronchi is wider and straighter?

A

right bronchus

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29
Q

LOOK AT BRONCHIOLES IN NOTES!!!

A

LOOK AT BRONCHIOLES IN NOTES!!!

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30
Q

What is the concentration of Oxygen and carbon dioxide for inhaled air?

A

high oxygen, low carbon dioxide

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31
Q

What is the concentration of Oxygen and carbon dioxide for blood in capillaries?

A

low oxygen, high carbon dioxide

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32
Q

What is the concentration of Oxygen and carbon dioxide for exhaled air?

A

high carbon dioxide, low oxygen

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33
Q

what is the large, muscular organ that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

diaphragm

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34
Q

is the diaphragm voluntary or in voluntary?

A

involuntary

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35
Q

what kind of tissue is the diaphragm?

A

smooth muscle

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36
Q

what does the diaphragm do during inhalation?

A

it contracts and moves/pulls down the expanding chest cavity

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37
Q

when lungs expand, what happens?

A

air is pulled in by a passive movement

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38
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

A

it relaxes and pulls up

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39
Q

what does the ribcage do to the lungs during exhalation?

A

compresses the lungs to expel air

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40
Q

which has energy expenditure, relaxation or contraction?

A

contraction

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41
Q

which system is associated with waste disposal and filtering blood?

A

urinary system

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42
Q

what is disposed in the urinary system?

A

waste ions and urinary waste

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43
Q

what is the regulation of water and ion balance within the body?

A

osmoregulation

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44
Q

what puts fresh water in the body? how?

A

red blood cells

change in concentration and redistribution of water by osmosis

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45
Q

what maintains pH?

A

H+ secretion

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46
Q

what does water excrete?

A

nitrogenous wastes

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47
Q

what percent do human gain water from drinking?

A

48%

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48
Q

what percent do human gain water from free water in food?

A

40%

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49
Q

what percent do human gain water from metabolic water?

A

12%

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50
Q

what percent do human lose water from urine?

A

60%

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51
Q

what percent do human lose water from evaporation (skin, lungs)?

A

34%

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52
Q

what percent do human lose water from feces?

A

6%

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53
Q

what is the nitrogenous waste for fish?

A

ammonia

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54
Q

what is the nitrogenous waste for amphibians and mammals?

A

urea

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55
Q

what is the nitrogenous waste for reptiles and birds?

A

uric acid

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56
Q

what organ filters blood?

A

kidneys

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57
Q

how many kidneys are in vertebrates?

A

2

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58
Q

which has more complex kidneys, fish or mammals and birds? why?

A

mammals and birds

bigger, can handle greater pressure

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59
Q

what are kidneys drained by?

A

special tubes

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60
Q

what is an advanced kidney that is drained by a ureter, has lots of nephrons, and filters at much higher pressures?

A

metanephric kidney

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61
Q

which part of the kidney filters blood?

A

nephron

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62
Q

what are tubes that are draining from kidneys to urinary bladder?

A

ureter

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63
Q

what is used as temporary storage?

A

urinary bladder

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64
Q

what is used for release from the body?

A

urethra

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65
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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66
Q

how many nephrons are there per kidney?

A

1 million

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67
Q

what is the nephron composed of?

2 things

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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68
Q

what is the renal corpuscle composed of?

A

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

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69
Q

what is the glomerulus?

A

capillary beds

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70
Q

wha does the glomerulus do?

A

filters blood

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71
Q

what in the glomerulus filters the blood?

A

glomerular filtrate

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72
Q

what surrounds the glomerulus and receives the glomerular filtrate?

A

bowman’s capsule

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73
Q

what receives the glomerular filtrate from the bowman’s capsule?

A

renal tubule

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74
Q

what are the 4 sections of the renal tubule?

A

proximal tubule
lower loop
distal tubule
collecting duct

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75
Q

what are the 3 stages of urine formation?

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion

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76
Q

what are the 3 goals of blood filtration?

A

remove wastes
save goodies
conserve water

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77
Q

which stage cleans blood? where does this take place?

A

filtration

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

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78
Q

what stage is the movement of glomerular filtrate out of the tubule back into the blood? where does this take place?

A 
reabsorption
proximal tubule (60%)
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79
Q

what is expended in reabsorption?

A

ATP

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80
Q

what stage is the movement of substances out of the blood and into the tubule? where does this take place?

A

secretion

distal tubule

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81
Q

is ATP expended in secretion?

A

yes

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82
Q

LOOK AT FILTRATION PICTURE IN NOTES!!!

A

LOOK AT FILTRATION PICTURE IN NOTES!!!

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83
Q

READ VERTEBRATE NEPHRON DIFFERENCES IN NOTES!!!

A

READ VERTEBRATE NEPHRON DIFFERENCES IN NOTES!!!

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84
Q

what is the constricted part of the tubule and looks like a loop?

A

loop of henle

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85
Q

what does the loop of henle do to the glomerular filtrate?

A

slows it down

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86
Q

what does the loop of henle allow for? 3 things

A

more water reabsorption
more goodies reabsorption
more concentration of waste into tubule

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87
Q

which system is the hormonal control of body functions?

A

endocrine

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88
Q

what are the 3 types of signaling molecules?

A

neurotransmitters
pheromones
hormones

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89
Q

where are hormones transported in animals?

A

in the blood stream

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90
Q

which glands are ductless? which have ducts?

A

endocrine glands

exocrine glands

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91
Q

what are the ducts in exocrine glands used for?

A

to discharge secretions

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92
Q

where are exocrine glands? give 2 examples

A

on surfaces

salivary glands, sweat glands

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93
Q

what produces releasing hormones that regulates pituitary hormones?

A

hypothalamus

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94
Q

what is the FSH-RH?

A

follicle stimulating hormone- releasing hormone

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95
Q

what is the LH-RH?

A

leutenizing hormone- releasing hormone

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96
Q

what are the hormones in the hypothalamus?

A

FSH-RH

LH-RH

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97
Q

what secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands?

A

pituitary glands (anterior)

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98
Q

what hormones are secreted in the pituitary glands?

A

gonadotropins (FSH & LH)

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99
Q

what hormone acts on the thyroid glands?

A

thyrotropins

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100
Q

what hormone acts on the adrenal glands?

A

adrenocorticotropins

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101
Q

what hormone stimulates cell division?

A

growth hormone

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102
Q

what hormone stimulates the mammary glands for milk production?

A

prolactin hormone

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103
Q

what hormone is used for pigment dispersion?

A

melanophore-stimulating hormone

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104
Q

what 2 hormones are part of the pituitary posterior?

A

vasopressin

oxytocin

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105
Q

what hormone acts on the kidney for urine flow?

A

vasopressin

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106
Q

what hormone stimulates contraction of uterus during birth and stimulates the release of milk?

A

oxytocin

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107
Q

what gland mostly alters the rate of enzyme activity?

A

thyroid gland

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108
Q

what hormone promotes the normal development of the nervous system in embryonic development?

A

thyroxine

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109
Q

what is the anterior part of the kidney?

A

adrenal gland

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110
Q

what 4 things does the adrenal gland secrete?

A

cortisol
aldosterone
epinephrine
norepinephrine

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111
Q

which hormone in the adrenal gland is an anti-inflammatory hormone?

A

cortisol

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112
Q

what promotes reabsorption within the kidney’s nephric tubule?

A

aldosterone

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113
Q

what builds up the body in an emergency situation?

A

epinephrine (adrenaline)

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114
Q

what gets the body back to normal?

A

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

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115
Q

what are 2 digestive hormones?

A

gastrin

cholycystokinin

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116
Q

what stimulates the secretion of HCl?

A

gastrin

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117
Q

what 2 things does cholycystokinin?

A

stimulate the trickling of bile from gall bladder into small intestine
stimulate the pancreas to release enzymatic juices into small intestine

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118
Q

what are 8 characteristics of asexual reproduction?

A 
one parent
no gametes
no reproductive organs
produces genetically identical offspring
result of mitosis/cytokinesis
simple
energetically cheap
fast
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119
Q

what are 4 examples of asexual reproduction?

A

binary fission
budding
gemmulation
fragmentation

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120
Q

which type of asexual reproduction is where the parent divides by mitosis and cytokinesis into 2 parts?

A

binary fission

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121
Q

what are the two ways a parent can divide in binary fission?

A

transverse

longitudinal

122
Q

which type of asexual reproduction is unequal division of an organism?

A

budding

123
Q

which type of asexual reproduction involves an encapsulated bud? what is that bud called?

A

gemmulation

gemmule

124
Q

what phylum typically reproduces via gemmulation?

A

Porifera

125
Q

which type of asexual reproduction is when the animal breaks into 2 or more- each being a new organism?

A

fragmentation

126
Q

what is the main disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

A

no genetic variation

127
Q

which side of sexual reproduction is energetically expensive?

A

female

128
Q

what is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?

A

genetic variation

129
Q

what are gametes a result of?

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

130
Q

what is the fusion of male and female gametes?

A

fertilization

131
Q

what are the 3 forms of sexual reproduction?

A

hermaphroditism
parthenogenesis
biparental sexual reproduction

132
Q

which type of sexual reproduction do individuals have both male and female reproductive organs?

A

hermaphroditism

133
Q

what is the condition of both sexes in the same individual?

A

monoecious

134
Q

which type of sexual reproduction is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg?

A

parthenogenesis

135
Q

which type of sexual reproduction has 2 individuals, 2 sex organs, and 2 sex cells?

A

biparental sexual reproduction

136
Q

what is the condition of separate sex individuals?

A

dioecious

137
Q

what are the 3 reproductive patterns?

A

oviparous
ovoviviparous
viviparous

138
Q

what is the condition of egg laying outside of the female’s body?

A

oviparous

139
Q

how many mammals exhibit the oviparous pattern?

A

3

140
Q

in the oviparous pattern, is fertilization internal or external?

A

can be either

141
Q

what is the condition of the eggs being retained within the body of the female with no connection and embryonic nourishment from egg yolk?

A

ovoviviparous

142
Q

is fertilization in the ovoviviparous pattern internal or external?

A

internal

143
Q

what is the condition of live bearing with a maternal connection?

A

viviparous

144
Q

what is the maternal connection called?

A

placenta

145
Q

where is the development of the embryo?

A

in the oviduct or uterus

146
Q

what occurs within the placenta?

A

nourishment and gas exchange

147
Q

in viviparous, is fertilization internal or external?

A

always internal

148
Q

what is the measure of differential survival and differential reproduction?

A

natural selection

149
Q

where do primordial germ cells come from?

A

yolk sac

150
Q

what do vertebrate gonads arise from?

A

a pair of genital ridges along the dorsal wall of the embryo

151
Q

what are the gonads in the male reproductive system?

A

testes

152
Q

where do the testes develop?

A

in the abdominal cavity and descend into scrotum

153
Q

where is sperm produced?

A

seminiferous tubules

154
Q

where are the seminiferous tubules located?

A

in chambers in the testes

155
Q

what produces testosterone?

A

leydig cells

156
Q

where are leydig cells located?

A

between the little sections in testes

157
Q

what provides nourishment to cells associated with sperm development?

A

Sertoli cells

158
Q

where are Sertoli cells found?

A

in the wall of seminiferous tubules

159
Q

where is sperm stored and eventually matures at?

A

epididymis

160
Q

what is the epididymis attached to?

A

vas deferens

161
Q

what is the elongated portion of the male duct system that is used for sperm transport?

A

vas deferens

162
Q

what part of the male duct system is used for rapid sperm transport?

A

ejaculatory duct

163
Q

what is the tube through the penis that transports sperm and urine?

A

urethra

164
Q

what is a copulatory organ?

A

penis with urethra

165
Q

are accessory glands part of the duct work? does sperm pass through these glands?

A

no; no

166
Q

what do the accessory glands add into the male duct system?

A

secretions

167
Q

what secretes fructose and prostaglandins?

A

seminal vesicles

168
Q

what is used for sperm nourishment?

A

fructose

169
Q

what stimulates muscle contraction?

A

prostaglandins

170
Q

what secretes oil for lubrication?

A

prostate

bulbourethral glands

171
Q

what hormone initiates sperm production in seminiferous tubules?

A

FSH

172
Q

what stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone?

A

LH

173
Q

what is responsible for development, maturation, and maintenance in male reproductive system?

A

testosterone

174
Q

what are 2 examples of secondary characteristics of testosterone?

A

thickening of vocal chords

increased bone density

175
Q

what is a series of steps for maturation of sperm?

A

spermatogenesis

176
Q

what is a potential cell to develop sperm?

A

spermatogonium

177
Q

where is ATP for swimming produced?

A

midpiece

178
Q

what is the gonad of the female reproductive system?

A

ovary

179
Q

where is egg production?

A

ovum

180
Q

what hormones are secreted from the ovary?

A

estrogen

progesterone

181
Q

at puberty, how many ova are there per ovary?

A

400,000

182
Q

wheb are eggs formed? when are they no longer produced?

A

during embryonic development

after birth

183
Q

what is the production of an egg?

A

oogenesis

184
Q

what is the normal site of fertilization?

A

oviduct

185
Q

is the oviduct connected to the ovary?

A

no, but it is overhanging it

186
Q

what is the implantation site?

A

uterus

187
Q

what is the uterus attached by?

A

placenta

188
Q

what is the placenta composed of?

A

maternal and fetal tissues

189
Q

what is the lining of the uterus?

A

endometrium

190
Q

what is the endometrium built up by?

A

tissue, vessels, and capillary beds

191
Q

what happens if fertilization and implantation occurs?

A

endometrium/uterus continues to develop

192
Q

what maintains the endometrium/uterus when fertilization occurs?

A

hormones from mother and fetus

193
Q

What happens if fertilization and implantation does not occur?

A

endometrium sloughs off and is discharged

194
Q

What is the end of the uterus?

A

Cervix

195
Q

What is the birth canal and the tubular region lined with smooth muscle and epithelial?

A

Vagina

196
Q

What is the external genitalic?

A

vulva

197
Q

what are the parts of the vulva?

A

labia majora
labia minora
clitoris

198
Q

what is the labia majora homologus to?

A

scrotum

199
Q

what is the clitoris homologus to?

A

penis

200
Q

does the urethra have anything to do with the femal repro. system?

A

No

201
Q

what is the ovum/egg and the surrounding cells?

A

ovarian follicle

202
Q

what do follicle cells secrete?

A

estrogen and progesterone

203
Q

what hormone controls the formation and maintenance of reproductive organs?

A

estrogen

204
Q

what is a secondary sex characteristic of estrogen?

A

thicker adipose tissue under the skin

205
Q

what is the reminant of the follicle?

A

corpus luteum

206
Q

what is the corpus luteum called?

A

yellow body

207
Q

what does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

progesterone

208
Q

after ovualtion, what is released?

A

eggs

209
Q

what does progesterone promote? how?

A

gestation

increases uteran gland secretions and decreases smooth muscle contration of uterus

210
Q

what contributes to the timing of reproduction?

A

combination of environment cues and hormonal activity

211
Q

what cycle do most mammals go through during reproduction?

A

estrous cycle

212
Q

what is an animal that has a one time a year breeding cycle?

A

monoestrous

213
Q

what is an animal that has a twice a year breeding cycle?

A

diestrous

214
Q

what is an animal that has a breeding cycle may times a year?

A

polyestrous

215
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

217
Q

What happens on days 1-13 of the ovarian cycle? 3 things

A

Follicle phase
ovarian follicles are developing
FSH is released

218
Q

What happens on day 14 of the ovarian cycle? 3 tings

A

ovulation
follicle ruptures and releases
LH is released

219
Q

What happens on days 15-28 of ovarian cycle? 4 things

A

Luteal phase
stimulate corpus luteum to release progesterone
helps build up uterine lining
LH is released

220
Q

What happens on days 1-5 of the uterine cycle? 4 things

A

menstrual phase
outer portions of the endometrium cycle slough off
discharged
loss of blood

221
Q

What happens on days 6-14 of the uterine cycle? 2 things

A

proliferative phase

estrogen levels increase to build up endometrium

222
Q

What happens on days 15-28 uterine cycle? 3 things

A

secretory phase

increase of progesterone to maintain the built up endometrium

223
Q

What are the 2 effects of the menstrual cycle?

A

ovarian and uterine

224
Q

If fertilization occurs, what happens to the fertilized egg?

A

implants to the uterine wall via the placenta

225
Q

If fertilization does not occur or implantation fails, what happens to the uterine lining?

A

it sloughs away and is discharged

226
Q

Do most animals exhibit similar embryonic development processes?

A

yes

227
Q

what are the 5 stages to animal development?

A 
fertilization
cleavage
gastrulation
Neurulation
organogenesis
228
Q

what initiates the process of animal development?

A

fertilization

229
Q

what stage in animal development produces a mass of smaller cells?

A

cleavage

230
Q

what stage in animal development produces 3 germ layers?

A

gastrulation

231
Q

what are the 3 germ layers?

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

232
Q

what stage in animal development lays a plan for the nervous system and segmented body plan?

A

neurulation

233
Q

what stage in animal development is when tissues become functional organs?

A

organogenesis

234
Q

what is repeated cell cycles without cell growth?

A

cleavage

235
Q

what is each cell that is produced during cleavage called?

A

blastomere

236
Q

what is a ball of cells?

A

blastala

237
Q

what is a hollow cavity called?

A

blastocoel

238
Q

what are the 2 poles of a blastomere?

A

vegetal

animal

239
Q

which pole has larger blastomeres?

A

vegetal

240
Q

If a cell has larger blastomeres, what does that mean for the yolk?

A

there is more yolk

241
Q

Which pole has smaller blastomeres?

A

animal

242
Q

If a cell has smaller blastomeres, what does that mean for the yolk and cytoplasm?

A

there is less yolk and more cytoplasm

243
Q

what results in the formation of blastoderm?

A

meroblastic cleavage

244
Q

what is a flattened disk of cells at one end?

A

blastoderm

245
Q

which pole undergoes meroblastic cleavage?

A

animal

246
Q

what is a complete cell division that produces 2 equal size blastomeres at the first division?

A

holoblastic cleavage

247
Q

During Gastrulation, what happens?

A

a blastula turns into a gastrula with 3 distinct germ layers

248
Q

What does the endoderm produce? 8 things

A 
thyroid gland
respiratory tube
liver
pancreas
lungs
urinary bladder
epithelial lining of gut tract
249
Q

what does the mesoderm produce? 6 things

A 
heart
kidneys
notochord
skeletal muscle
limbs/appendages
blood and other connective tissues
250
Q

what does the ectoderm produce? 2 things

A

neural tube

epidermis

251
Q

when does gastrulation begin?

A

when a band of tissues pinches in to create an opening called a blastopore

252
Q

What is a change in the cavity of a structure?

A

invagination

253
Q

what does the blastopore develop into in chordates and echinoderms?

A

anus

254
Q

what does archenteron displace the blastocoel to?

A

digestive tract

255
Q

what are specialized groups of cells that migrate to a future site of gonads?

A

primordial germ cell

256
Q

what are 2 functions of primordial germ cells?

A

protect/propagate genetic content of species

undergo meiosis to produce gametes

257
Q

what is mesoderm derived and and provides rigidity along dorsal axis of embryo?

A

notochord

258
Q

what does the notochord produce?

A

signaling proteins to establish tissue proteins

259
Q

what is developed in the notochord?

A

hox genes

260
Q

what is neural tube development from the ectoderm?

A

neurulation

261
Q

what originates from the neural tube?

A

all neurons and supporting cells of CNS

262
Q

what is thickened ectodermal cells around the notochord?

A

neural plate

263
Q

what do cells on each side of the neural tube fuse to form?

A

an enclosure

264
Q

what are cells that are overlying the dorsal portion of the neural tube?

A

neural crest cells

265
Q

where do neural crest cells migrate to? why?

A

other regions of the embryo

to form all neurons and supporting cells of PNS

266
Q

what do neural crest cells help form part of?

A

adrenal glands and face structure

267
Q

what are neural crest cells sometimes called?

A

4th germ layer

268
Q

what are organs composed of?

A

2 or more tissue types

269
Q

what gives rise to different organs?

A

each germ layer

270
Q

when do organs form?

A

during or just after neuralation

271
Q

what are organs controlled by?

A

hox genes

272
Q

what helps organs develop?

A

proteins

273
Q

what are each cells’ type/ function determined by?

A

autonomous specification

conditional specification

274
Q

which specification is differential acquisition of various cytoplasmic factors during cell division?

A

autonomous

275
Q

which specification is an acquisition of properties through cell to cell signaling mechanisms?

A

conditional

276
Q

what are all the activities an animal performs in its lifetime called?

A

animal behavior

277
Q

what are the 4 approaches to studying animal behavior?

A

comparative psychology
ethology
behavioral ecology
sociobiology

278
Q

which approach emphasizes the genetic, hormonal, and neural bases of behavior?

A

comparative pshychology

279
Q

which approach is the study of animal behavior in which the natural environment and evolutionary relationship are considered?

A

ethology

280
Q

what are the 2 most important things that ethology looks at?

A

communication

learning

281
Q

who are 3 important people in ethology?

A

Lorenz
Tinbergen
von Frisch

282
Q

which approach places an emphasis on ecological aspects of behavior such as predator/prey interactions?

A

behavioral ecology

283
Q

which approach is the study of social behavior?

A

sociobiology

284
Q

Who began sociobiology? in what year

A

E.O. Wilson in 1971

285
Q

What does sociobiology combine?

A

ethology and behavioral ecology

286
Q

Why does an animal do what it does?

A

proximate causes

ultimate causes

287
Q

which cause is an immediate reason, such as an animal eating because it is hungry?

A

proximate causes

288
Q

Which cause is associated with evolutionary time frame?

A

ultimate causes

289
Q

What are behavioral patterns development based on?

A

genes that code for formation of structures

290
Q

what is the completion of development of the animal system?

A

maturation

291
Q

what is the inner response to stimulus that is genetically programmed?

A

instinct

292
Q

what are the 5 types of learning?

A 
habituation
classical condition
operant conditioning
latent learning
codnitive learning
293
Q

What are changes in behavior due to previous experiences?

A

learning

294
Q

which type of learning is the gradual acclamation to an environmental stimulus?

A

habituation

295
Q

which type of learning is the learning of associations among events?

A

classical condition

296
Q

is there reinforcement in classical condition?

A

no

297
Q

which type of learning is when an animal learns to associate its behavior with a consequence of that behavior?

A

operant conditioning

298
Q

What else could operant conditioning be known as?

A

instrumental condition

trial and error learning

299
Q

is there reinforcement in operant conditioning?

A

yes

300
Q

what is known as negative reinforcement?

A

skinner box

301
Q

which type of learning does the animal make associations without immediate reward/reinforcement?

A

latent learning

302
Q

What kind of learning is latent learning?

A

exploratory (learns by curiosity)

303
Q

which type of learning is when an animal uses mental processes to solve problems and associate experiences?

A

cognitive learning

Biology II (4 decks)

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