Exam 1 Flashcards
5 kingdoms
1) monera - prokaryotes
2) Protista
3) fungi
4) plantae
5) animalia
Taxonomy hierchy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus (capitalized and italics) Species (lower case and italics)
Systematics
The study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships
-phylogenetic tree
Kingdom monera
Archea & bacteria Prokaryotes Most abundant Archea -almost nucleus -harsh environment -specialized membranes Bacteria -proteobacteria -> true bacteria -Cyanobacteria-> blue greens - produce food/transform N_2
Kingdom Protista
Earliest eukaryotes Most moist environment & microscopic DNA Algae -autotrophic -Unicellular -> multicellular Protozoan -heterotrophic -unicellular -> multicellular Fungal -saprotrophic -> absorb feeding -multicellular
Kingdom fungi
Largest organism
Soil
-or within other materials
"Conspicuous" portion
-mushroom, mold, yeast
Recyclers
Heterotrophic/saprotrophic
Body -> mycelium -> composed of
Filaments (hyphae)
Fruiting bodies
-spores -> reproductive cells
-light weight and mobile
Rhizomorphs -> water conducting
Filaments
Cell wall -> with chitinKingdom plantae
300000 species
Multicellular and eukaryotes
Most are autotrophic
-photosynthesis
Most terrestrial
-anchored in the soil
FOOD STORAGE COMPOUND
-starch
PHOTOSYNTHESIS PIGMENTS
-chlorophyll a & b, b-carotene
CELL WALL
-cellulose -> internal support -> most
Abundant carbohydrate in world
*designate plant kingdom
Land plants must get h2o from soil
-rootsKP
Phylum hepatophyta
Liverworts
6500
Bryophyte -> mosses and allies
KP
Phylum anthocerophyta
Hornworts
100
Bryophyte -> mosses and allies
KP
Phylum bryophyta
Mosses
12000
Bryophyte-> mosses and allies
KP
Phylum lycopodiophyta
Lycophytes
1000
Pteridophyte -> ferns and relatives
KP
Phylum pteridophyta
Ferns and allies
12000
Pteridophytes -> ferns and relatives
KP
Phylum cycadophyta
Cycads
300
Gymnosperms-> naked seeds
KP
Phylum ginkgophyta
Ginkgo
1
Gymnosperms-> naked seeds
KP
Phylum gnetophyta
Gnetophytes
300
Gymnosperms -> naked seeds
KP
Phylum coniferophyta
Cone bearing
500
Gymnosperms -> naked seeds
KP
Phylum anthophyta
Flowering / fruiting plants
300000
Angiosperms -> enclosed seeds
Bryophytes
Mosses
Reproduce by spores (no seeds)
Non vascular
-lack conducting tissues (xylem
Phloem)
Smallest plants
-1/2 meter
Require external h2o for reproductionPteridophytes
Ferns
Extensive fossil record
Reproduce by spores
Vascular tissue
-conducting
- xylem -> h2o and minerals
- phloem -> food
- "true" roots stems and leaves
Require external h2o for reproductionGymnosperms
Cone bearing trees Oldest organism - bristle cone pine -> 4600 years Biggest organism -giant sequoia-> 625 tons; 140 meters Tallest organism -redwood -> 180 meters - very strong vascular tissue Naked seed plants - embryo - stored food - protective covering -> integument * all exposed. -has "survival value" Doesn't require external h2o for Reproduction -pollen delivers sperm
Angiosperms
Enclosed seeds Vascular tissue -more advanced but not complete Seed -embryo -stored food -protective covering -better survival value Flowers -> attract pollinators Fruits -> enclose/protect seed -help with seed dispersal Doesnt require external h2o for Reproduction -pollen tube delivers sperm 300000
Kingdom animalia
Close to 3 million
Single ancestor
-flagellated protist
35 animal phylums
More similarities within animals than
Other kingdoms
Characteristics
-multicellular
-LACK cell wall
-sexual reproduction
- large egg small sperm
Hox genes
-cluster of genes controlling
development
Nervous tissue (most)
Classification/systematics -> molecular
genes
- development
- morphology
- body plans
1) body symmetry
2) # of tissue layers
3) presence/absence of "true" body
cavity
4) patterns of embryonic development
- metazoans (multicellular & animal)
GO TO NOTES FOR ANIMALTaxonomy
The study of classifying and grouping organisms
