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Biology II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

5 kingdoms

A

1) monera - prokaryotes
2) Protista
3) fungi
4) plantae
5) animalia

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2
Q

Taxonomy hierchy

A 
Kingdom
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family 
Genus (capitalized and italics) 
Species  (lower case and italics)
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3
Q

Systematics

A

The study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships
-phylogenetic tree

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4
Q

Kingdom monera

A 
Archea & bacteria 
Prokaryotes 
Most abundant 
Archea 
-almost nucleus 
-harsh environment 
-specialized membranes 
Bacteria 
-proteobacteria -> true bacteria 
-Cyanobacteria-> blue greens 
   - produce food/transform N_2
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5
Q

Kingdom Protista

A 
Earliest eukaryotes 
Most moist environment & microscopic 
DNA 
Algae 
-autotrophic 
-Unicellular -> multicellular 
Protozoan 
-heterotrophic 
-unicellular -> multicellular 
Fungal 
-saprotrophic -> absorb feeding 
-multicellular
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6
Q

Kingdom fungi

A 
Largest organism 
Soil 
-or within other materials 
"Conspicuous" portion 
-mushroom, mold, yeast 
Recyclers 
Heterotrophic/saprotrophic 
Body -> mycelium -> composed of                
     Filaments (hyphae)
Fruiting bodies 
-spores -> reproductive cells 
  -light weight and mobile
Rhizomorphs -> water conducting 
      Filaments 
Cell wall -> with chitin
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7
Q

Kingdom plantae

A 
300000 species 
Multicellular and eukaryotes 
Most are autotrophic 
-photosynthesis 
Most terrestrial 
-anchored in the soil 
FOOD STORAGE COMPOUND
-starch 
PHOTOSYNTHESIS PIGMENTS
-chlorophyll a & b, b-carotene 
CELL WALL 
-cellulose -> internal support -> most      
    Abundant carbohydrate in world 
*designate plant kingdom 
Land plants must get h2o from soil 
-roots
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8
Q

KP

Phylum hepatophyta

A

Liverworts
6500
Bryophyte -> mosses and allies

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9
Q

KP

Phylum anthocerophyta

A

Hornworts
100
Bryophyte -> mosses and allies

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10
Q

KP

Phylum bryophyta

A

Mosses
12000
Bryophyte-> mosses and allies

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11
Q

KP

Phylum lycopodiophyta

A

Lycophytes
1000
Pteridophyte -> ferns and relatives

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12
Q

KP

Phylum pteridophyta

A

Ferns and allies
12000
Pteridophytes -> ferns and relatives

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13
Q

KP

Phylum cycadophyta

A

Cycads
300
Gymnosperms-> naked seeds

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14
Q

KP

Phylum ginkgophyta

A

Ginkgo
1
Gymnosperms-> naked seeds

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15
Q

KP

Phylum gnetophyta

A

Gnetophytes
300
Gymnosperms -> naked seeds

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16
Q

KP

Phylum coniferophyta

A

Cone bearing
500
Gymnosperms -> naked seeds

17
Q

KP

Phylum anthophyta

A

Flowering / fruiting plants
300000
Angiosperms -> enclosed seeds

18
Q

Bryophytes

A 
Mosses 
Reproduce by spores (no seeds) 
Non vascular 
-lack conducting tissues (xylem    
    Phloem)
Smallest plants 
-1/2 meter 
Require external h2o for reproduction
19
Q

Pteridophytes

A 
Ferns 
Extensive fossil record 
Reproduce by spores 
Vascular tissue 
-conducting 
  - xylem -> h2o and minerals 
  - phloem -> food 
        - "true" roots stems and leaves 
Require external h2o for reproduction
20
Q

Gymnosperms

A 
Cone bearing trees
Oldest organism 
- bristle cone pine -> 4600 years 
Biggest organism 
-giant sequoia-> 625 tons; 140 meters 
Tallest organism 
-redwood -> 180 meters 
   - very strong vascular tissue 
Naked seed plants 
- embryo 
- stored food
- protective covering -> integument
* all exposed. 
-has "survival value" 
Doesn't require external h2o for
   Reproduction 
-pollen delivers sperm
21
Q

Angiosperms

A 
Enclosed seeds 
Vascular tissue 
-more advanced but not complete 
Seed 
-embryo 
-stored food 
-protective covering 
-better survival value 
Flowers -> attract pollinators
Fruits -> enclose/protect seed 
-help with seed dispersal 
Doesnt require external h2o for  
   Reproduction 
-pollen tube delivers sperm 
300000
22
Q

Kingdom animalia

A 
Close to 3 million 
Single ancestor 
-flagellated protist 
35 animal phylums 
More similarities within animals than
  Other kingdoms 
Characteristics 
-multicellular 
-LACK cell wall
-sexual reproduction 
   - large egg small sperm
Hox genes 
-cluster of genes controlling 
   development 
Nervous tissue (most)
Classification/systematics -> molecular 
  genes 
- development 
- morphology 
- body plans 
 1) body symmetry 
 2) # of tissue layers
 3) presence/absence of "true" body 
    cavity 
4) patterns of embryonic development 
- metazoans (multicellular & animal) 
GO TO NOTES FOR ANIMAL
23
Q

Taxonomy

A

The study of classifying and grouping organisms

Biology II (4 decks)

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