Exam 4

Question 1

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her:

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

According to Bandura, a social-cognitive theorist, personality is dictated by reciprocal determinism, which involves a web of mutual influence among:

Answer 2

behaviors, internal thoughts, and the situation

Question 3

According to the Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the:

Answer 3

superego

Question 4

The Trait Approach suggests that personality is made up of specific traits that each of us possess. Which of the following is one of the three main assumptions of this approach?

Answer 4

People vary as to how much of any one trait they possess

Question 5

Roger’s Self Theory suggests that personality is an expression of our own unique growth and fulfillment. What type of approach is this theory based on?

Answer 5

Humanistic Approach

Question 6

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is mainly used to?

Answer 6

Diagnose psychological disorders

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a projective personality test?

Answer 7

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Question 8

Terry often behaves in strange ways. He wears clothes that were popular in the 1950’s and he washes his car every day. Terry is a successful architect with many friends and steady girlfriend. Is terry likely to be diagnosed with a psychological disorder?

Answer 8

No; his social and professional life is not dysfunctional

Question 9

With respect to the Diathesis Stress Model, what does “diathesis” mean?

Answer 9

a predisposition

Question 10

Which of the following disorders is NOT diagnosed on Axis 1 of the DSM-IV?

Answer 10

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Question 11

What term refers to when someone is diagnosed with more than one psychological disorder?

Answer 11

Comorbidity

Question 12

What category/type of disorder is post-traumatic stress disorder?

Answer 12

Anxiety disorder

Question 13

Jonathan has been incredibly sad and unmotivated for the past three months, but this week he has felt amazing. He is excited about everything, stays up all night working, and feels like he can do anything. What disorder does Jonathan likely suffer from?

Answer 13

Bipolar disorder

Question 14

Hazel has unprotected sex once, about a year ago. Ever since she has been convinced that she has contracted HIV. All her tests have been negative, but she avoids dating and friends because she fears she might infect someone else. What disorder does Hazel have?

Answer 14

Hypochondriasis

Question 15

What is a positive symptom of Schizophrenia?

Answer 15

Hallucinations

Question 16

Which type of psychotherapy involves patients saying whatever is on their minds, to reveal their unconscious conflicts?

Answer 16

Psychoanalysis

Question 17

Which behavior modification technique gradually exposes a patient to the object or situation that they fear?

Answer 17

Systematic Desensitization

Question 18

Which type of therapist can prescribe drugs to treat psychological disorders?

Answer 18

Psychiatrist

Question 19

Which psychological disorder is Lithium usually used to treat?

Answer 19

Bipolar Disorder

Question 20

Yesterday a bus almost hit you as you tried to cross the street. According o the Fundamental Attribution Error, what will you attribute to the cause of the bus driver’s behavior?

Answer 20

To the fact that he is just a careless driver

Question 21

Lenny feels uncomfortable because he eats meat even though he thinks killing animals is wrong and feels nauseous whenever he thinks about it. This attitude inconsistency leads Lenny to the decision to become a vegetarian. Which explanation describes why Lenny changed his attitude about eating meat?

Answer 21

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 22

The Contact Hypothesis suggests that we can reduce negative attitudes by increased contact with members of groups we are prejudiced against. Under which conditions is contact likely to be most helpful in reducing negative attitudes?

Answer 22

When we are cooperating with the person to solve a problem

Question 23

If you are giving a speech in front of a large audience, when would the presence of this audience be likely to help your performance?

Answer 23

When you have practiced the speech many, many times

Question 24

You need $20 to buy a book for school, so you ask your brother if he will give you $50. He says “that’s too much money”. You then ask for only $20, and he agrees. Which strategy of compliance were you using?

Answer 24

Door-in-the-face

Question 25

During Milgram’s experiment on obedience, roughly how many of the participants administered the highest level of shock to the “learner”?

Answer 25

65%

Question 26

In the “Asch ling experiment” participants purposely gave incorrect answers to some of the lone judgment questions when the other “participants” in the experiment gave wrong answers. Which type of social influence does this study illustrate?

Answer 26

conformity

Question 27

In class we watched a Candid Camera clip about people riding in elevators. What type of social influence did this clip illustrate?

Answer 27

conformity

Question 28

An attitude is a psychological tendency that has three main parts. What is the cognitive part of an attitude?

Answer 28

beliefs

Question 29

Which term refers to socially based rules that guide our actions in various situations?

Answer 29

social norms

Question 30

Why do negative first impressions tend to become lasting negative impressions?

Answer 30

we tend to avoid people/situations of which we have a negative first impression