Exam 3 Flashcards
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments quickly (but not always accurately) are called:
heuristics
Which of the following is NOT a type of mental representation?
Bias
The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:
pay attention to information that supports what we already believe
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of:
an algorithm
Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as “75 percent lean” than to ground beef described as “25 percent fat” because of:
framing effects
Babies are born with the ability to discriminate between:
all the phonemes in the world
Choose the correct order for language development:
Babbling, one-word stage, two-word stage
During which stage of language development do children first begin to show that they can use the syntactic (grammatical) rules of their language?
Two-word stage
What is the structure in language called?
Syntax
The left hemisphere is dominant for language processing in _____ individuals who are _____
most; right-handed
Which term describes the idea that language must be learned before puberty for it to be acquired fluently?
Critical period
Identify the correct match between the psychologist and his theory of intelligence
Gardner and Theory of Multiple Intelligences
“g” refers to:
a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a variety of tasks
Binet designed a test of intelligence in order to:
identify children likely to have difficulty in regular school classes
If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of:
reliability
A test that accurately measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of:
validity
The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow’s hierarchy of human motives includes the need for:
food and water
When blood sugar levels decrease, the _____ hypothalamus triggers the release of the hormone _____ that makes us feel hungry
lateral; orexin
About right months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Shelley suffers from:
anorexia nervosa
Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to:
cause the rat to eat constantly and become extremely fat
Motivation is defined by psychologist as:
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal
The three components of emotion are:
physiological arousal, conscious experience, and expressive behaviors
According to the James-Lange theory, we consciously experience emotion _____ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, we experience emotion _____ we become physiologically aroused
after; at the same time as
In an experiment, college men were injected with adrenaline prior to spending time with an experimenter’s accomplice who acted excited or irritated. Which individuals in this experiment were least likely to experience the emotion demonstrated by the experimenter’s accomplice?
those who were told that the injection would cause them to become physiologically aroused
People from different cultures show consistency with respect to:
their facial expressions of basic emotions such as sadness or surprise
On average, women tend to be better than men at:
detecting emotions in others, detecting emotions in themselves, and outwardly expressing empathy
What is not a stressor?
feeling irritable
What refers to a psychological response to stress?
reduced capacity for cognitive processes
Research on stressful life events indicate that:
those who have been recently widowed, fired, or divorce are more vulnerable to disease
Why does stress heighten out vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections?
stress hormones and energy depletion suppress the immune system
What is not a healthy coping method for dealing with stress?
Getting drunk
