Exam 3

Question 1

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments quickly (but not always accurately) are called:

Answer 1

heuristics

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of mental representation?

Answer 2

Bias

Question 3

The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:

Answer 3

pay attention to information that supports what we already believe

Question 4

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of:

Answer 4

an algorithm

Question 5

Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as “75 percent lean” than to ground beef described as “25 percent fat” because of:

Answer 5

framing effects

Question 6

Babies are born with the ability to discriminate between:

Answer 6

all the phonemes in the world

Question 7

Choose the correct order for language development:

Answer 7

Babbling, one-word stage, two-word stage

Question 8

During which stage of language development do children first begin to show that they can use the syntactic (grammatical) rules of their language?

Answer 8

Two-word stage

Question 9

What is the structure in language called?

Answer 9

Syntax

Question 10

The left hemisphere is dominant for language processing in _____ individuals who are _____

Answer 10

most; right-handed

Question 11

Which term describes the idea that language must be learned before puberty for it to be acquired fluently?

Answer 11

Critical period

Question 12

Identify the correct match between the psychologist and his theory of intelligence

Answer 12

Gardner and Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Question 13

“g” refers to:

Answer 13

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a variety of tasks

Question 14

Binet designed a test of intelligence in order to:

Answer 14

identify children likely to have difficulty in regular school classes

Question 15

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of:

Answer 15

reliability

Question 16

A test that accurately measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of:

Answer 16

validity

Question 17

The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow’s hierarchy of human motives includes the need for:

Answer 17

food and water

Question 18

When blood sugar levels decrease, the _____ hypothalamus triggers the release of the hormone _____ that makes us feel hungry

Answer 18

lateral; orexin

Question 19

About right months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Shelley suffers from:

Answer 19

anorexia nervosa

Question 20

Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to:

Answer 20

cause the rat to eat constantly and become extremely fat

Question 21

Motivation is defined by psychologist as:

Answer 21

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal

Question 22

The three components of emotion are:

Answer 22

physiological arousal, conscious experience, and expressive behaviors

Question 23

According to the James-Lange theory, we consciously experience emotion _____ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, we experience emotion _____ we become physiologically aroused

Answer 23

after; at the same time as

Question 24

In an experiment, college men were injected with adrenaline prior to spending time with an experimenter’s accomplice who acted excited or irritated. Which individuals in this experiment were least likely to experience the emotion demonstrated by the experimenter’s accomplice?

Answer 24

those who were told that the injection would cause them to become physiologically aroused

Question 25

People from different cultures show consistency with respect to:

Answer 25

their facial expressions of basic emotions such as sadness or surprise

Question 26

On average, women tend to be better than men at:

Answer 26

detecting emotions in others, detecting emotions in themselves, and outwardly expressing empathy

Question 27

What is not a stressor?

Answer 27

feeling irritable

Question 28

What refers to a psychological response to stress?

Answer 28

reduced capacity for cognitive processes

Question 29

Research on stressful life events indicate that:

Answer 29

those who have been recently widowed, fired, or divorce are more vulnerable to disease

Question 30

Why does stress heighten out vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections?

Answer 30

stress hormones and energy depletion suppress the immune system

Question 31

What is not a healthy coping method for dealing with stress?

Answer 31

Getting drunk